Optical iav yog dab tsi?

Kho qhov muag iavyog ib hom iav tshwj xeeb uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb thiab tsim los siv rau hauv ntau yam kev siv kho qhov muag. Nws muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab cov yam ntxwv uas ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev tswj hwm thiab tswj lub teeb, ua kom muaj kev tsim thiab tshuaj xyuas cov duab zoo.

Kev sib xyaw:

Optical iav yog tsim los ntawm silica (SiO₂) raws li lub ntsiab iav tsim, nrog rau ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg, xws li boron, sodium, potassium, calcium, thiab txhuas. Kev sib xyaw ua ke tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom no txiav txim siab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab cov khoom siv ntawm iav.

Optical Properties:

1.Refractive Index:Cov iav kho qhov muag muaj qhov ntsuas tau zoo thiab ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb. Lub refractive index piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas lub teeb khoov los yog hloov cov kev taw qhia thaum nws dhau los ntawm lub iav, cuam tshuam rau cov khoom kho qhov muag ntawm lo ntsiab muag, prisms, thiab lwm yam khoom siv kho qhov muag.

2. Dispersion:Dispersion yog hais txog kev sib cais ntawm lub teeb rau hauv nws cov xim xim lossis wavelengths thaum nws dhau los ntawm cov khoom siv.Optical iav tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb dispersion, tso cai rau kev kho cov chromatic aberration hauv optical systems.

3. kis tau tus mob:Kho qhov muag iavyog tsim los kom muaj qhov pom kev pom zoo siab, tso cai rau lub teeb kom dhau los ntawm kev nqus tsawg heev. Cov iav yog tsim los kom muaj qib qis ntawm impurities thiab xim kom ua tiav lub teeb kis tau zoo nyob rau hauv qhov xav tau wavelength ntau.

Optical iav yog ib hom iav tshwj xeeb

Mechanical Properties:

1.Optical Homogeneity:Kho qhov muag iav yog tsim los kom muaj qhov muag pom kev zoo, lub ntsiab lus nws muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag zoo ib yam thoob plaws hauv nws lub ntim. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj cov duab zoo thiab tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv qhov ntsuas pom ntawm cov khoom siv.

2.Thermal Stability:Cov iav kho qhov muag pom zoo thermal stability, ua rau nws tuaj yeem tiv taus kev hloov pauv hauv qhov kub thiab txias yam tsis muaj qhov nthuav dav lossis kev cog lus. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj xyuas qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov lo ntsiab muag thiab lwm yam khoom siv kho qhov muag nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig sib txawv.

3.Mechanical Strength:Txij li thaumiav opticalfeem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv precision kho qhov muag tshuab, nws yuav tsum tau muaj txaus mechanical zog los tiv thaiv tuav thiab mounting stresses yam tsis muaj deformation los yog breakage. Ntau yam kev txhawb zog, xws li cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg lossis cov txheej txheem thermal, tuaj yeem siv los txhim kho nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab.

Lub featrues thiab kev siv ntawm optical iav

Nov yog qee qhov nta thiab kev siv ntawm cov iav kho qhov muag:

Fnoj:

1.Transparency:Cov iav kho qhov muag muaj qhov pom tseeb pom lub teeb pom kev thiab lwm yam wavelengths ntawm electromagnetic hluav taws xob. Cov cuab yeej no tso cai rau nws xa cov teeb pom kev zoo yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj lossis tawg.

2.Refractive Index:Cov iav kho qhov muag tuaj yeem tsim tau nrog cov cim tshwj xeeb refractive. Cov cuab yeej no tso cai rau kev tswj thiab tswj cov teeb pom kev zoo, ua rau nws haum rau cov lo ntsiab muag, prisms, thiab lwm yam khoom siv kho qhov muag.

Lub featrues ntawm optical iav

3. Abbe Number:Tus naj npawb Abbe ntsuas qhov tawg ntawm cov khoom, qhia tias qhov sib txawv wavelengths ntawm lub teeb kis tau li cas thaum hla nws. Cov iav kho qhov muag tuaj yeem hloov kho kom muaj tus lej Abbe tshwj xeeb, tso cai rau kev kho kom zoo ntawm chromatic aberration hauv lo ntsiab muag.

4. Tsawg Thermal Expansion:Cov iav kho qhov muag muaj qhov coefficient tsawg ntawm thermal expansion, txhais tau tias nws tsis nthuav lossis cog lus nrog kev hloov pauv hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Cov cuab yeej no ua kom ruaj khov thiab tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam hauv cov tshuab kho qhov muag.

5.Chemical thiab Mechanical Stability:Optical iav yog chemically thiab mechanically ruaj khov, ua rau nws tiv taus ib puag ncig yam xws li av noo, kub hloov pauv, thiab kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub cev. Qhov kev ua haujlwm ntev no ua kom lub neej ntev thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej kho qhov muag.

Daim ntawv thov:

Kho qhov muag iav yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam optical systems thiab pab kiag li lawm, xws li:

1.Lub koob yees duab lo ntsiab muag:Kho qhov muag iavyog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho lub koob yees duab lo ntsiab muag, tso cai rau kom pom tseeb, cov duab daws teeb meem, thiab xim raug.

2.Microscopes thiab telescopes:Cov iav kho qhov muag yog siv los tsim cov iav lo ntsiab muag, iav, prisms, thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv tshuab tsom iav thiab tsom iav, ua kom muaj kev nthuav dav thiab pom tseeb ntawm cov khoom.

3.Laser technologies:Cov iav kho qhov muag yog siv los tsim cov khoom siv laser thiab lo ntsiab muag, tso cai rau kev tswj cov kab teeb ci laser, beam shaping, thiab beam splitting.

Kho qhov muag iav yog siv los tsim laser muaju

4.Fiber optics: Optical iav fibers yog siv los xa cov ntaub ntawv digital hla qhov ntev ntawm kev kub ceev, ua kom muaj kev sib txuas lus, kev sib txuas hauv internet, thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv hauv ntau yam lag luam.

5.Optical filters: Kho qhov muag iav yog siv los ua cov ntxaij lim dej rau kev siv xws li kev yees duab, spectrophotometric, thiab kho xim.

6.Optoelectronics: Kho qhov muag iavs yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm optical sensors, qhia, photovoltaic hlwb, thiab lwm yam optoelectronic li.

Cov no tsuas yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm ntau yam kev siv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov iav kho qhov muag. Nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb ua rau nws tseem tsis tau muaj nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam kho qhov muag.