Iyini ingilazi ye-optical?

Ingilazi ye-Opticaliwuhlobo olukhethekile lwengilazi eklanywe ngokukhethekile futhi yakhiwe ukuze isetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene zokubona. Inezinto eziyingqayizivele nezici eziyenza ifanelekele ukukhohliswa nokulawulwa kokukhanya, okuvumela ukwakheka nokuhlaziywa kwezithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ukwakhiwa:

Ingilazi ye-Optical yakhiwe ngokuyinhloko nge-silica (SiO₂) njengengxenye eyinhloko eyenza ingilazi, kanye nezinye izingxenye zamakhemikhali ezihlukahlukene, njenge-boron, i-sodium, i-potassium, i-calcium, nomthofu. Inhlanganisela ethize kanye nokugxila kwalezi zingxenye kunquma izakhiwo ze-optical kanye nemishini yengilazi.

Izici zokubuka:

1.I-Refractive Index:Ingilazi ye-Optical inenkomba ye-refractive elawulwa kahle nekalwa ngokunembile. Inkomba ye-refractive ichaza ukuthi ukukhanya kugoba noma kushintsha kanjani indlela lapho kudlula engilazini, kuthinte izici zokubonwayo zamalensi, amaprism, nezinye izakhi ezibonakalayo.

2.Ukuhlakazeka:I-Dispersion isho ukuhlukaniswa kokukhanya kuyingxenye yakho yemibala noma ubude begagasi njengoba idlula ezintweni.Ingilazi ebonakalayo ingahlelwa ukuze ibe nezici ezithile zokuhlakazeka, okuvumela ukulungiswa kokungalungi kwe-chromatic kumasistimu okubona.

3.Ukudlulisa:Ingilazi ye-Opticalyakhelwe ukuthi ibe nokukhanyela okuphezulu okuphezulu, okuvumela ukukhanya kudlule ngokumunca okuncane. Ingilazi yakhelwe ukuthi ibe namazinga aphansi okungcola nemibala ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhanya okuhle kakhulu ebangeni elifiswayo lobude beza.

Ingilazi ye-Optical iwuhlobo olukhethekile lwengilazi

Izici zikaMechanical:

1.I-Optical Homogeneity:Ingilazi ye-Optical ikhiqizwa ukuze ibe ne-homogeneity ephezulu ye-optical, okusho ukuthi inezici ezifanayo ezibonakalayo kuwo wonke umthamo wayo. Lokhu kubalulekile ekugcineni ikhwalithi yesithombe nokugwema ukuhlanekezela okubangelwa ukuhluka kwenkomba ye-refractive kuyo yonke into.

2.I-Thermal Stability:Ingilazi ye-Optical ibonisa ukuzinza okuhle kokushisa, okuyenza ikwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa ngaphandle kokunwetshwa okuphawulekayo noma ukufinyela. Lokhu kubalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kwe-optical kwamalensi nezinye izingxenye ze-optical ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezihlukahlukene.

3.Amandla oMechanical:Kusukelaingilazi ye-opticalivamise ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-optical ezinembayo, idinga ukuba namandla anele okusebenza ukuze imelane nokubamba kanye nezingcindezi ezikhuphukayo ngaphandle kokuguqulwa noma ukuphuka. Izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuqinisa, njengezinqubo zamakhemikhali noma ezishisayo, zingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zayo zemishini.

Izici kanye nokusetshenziswa kwengilazi ye-optical

Nazi ezinye izici kanye nokusetshenziswa kwengilazi ye-optical:

Fizidlakudla:

1.Ukubonisa ngale:Ingilazi ebonakalayo inokukhanyela okuphezulu ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo namanye amaza wamaza emisebe kagesi. Lesi sakhiwo siyivumela ukuthi idlulise ukukhanya ngokuphumelelayo ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela okuphawulekayo noma ukuhlakazeka.

2.I-Refractive Index:Ingilazi ye-Optical ingenziwa ngezinkomba ezithile ze-refractive. Lesi sakhiwo sinika amandla ukulawula kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemisebe yokukhanya, iyenze ifanelekele amalensi, amaprism, nezinye izinto ezibonakalayo.

Izici zengilazi ye-optical

3.Inombolo ka-Abbe:Inombolo ye-Abbe ikala ukuhlakazwa kwento, ebonisa ukuthi amaza okukhanya ahlukene asakazwa kanjani lapho edlula kuwo. Ingilazi ye-Optical ingalungiswa ukuthi ibe nezinombolo ezithile ze-Abbe, okuvumela ukulungiswa okusebenzayo kokungalungi kwe-chromatic kumalensi.

4.I-Low Thermal Expansion:Ingilazi ye-Optical ine-coefficient ephansi yokunwetshwa kokushisa, okusho ukuthi ayindi noma ayinciphisi kakhulu ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Lesi sakhiwo siqinisekisa ukuzinza futhi sivimbela ukuhlanekezela ezinhlelweni ze-optical.

5.Ukuzinza Kwekhemikhali Nemishini:Ingilazi ye-Optical izinzile ngamakhemikhali nangokomshini, okuyenza imelane nezimo zemvelo ezifana nomswakama, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nengcindezi yomzimba. Lokhu kuqina kuqinisekisa ukuphila isikhathi eside nokusebenza kwezinsimbi ezibonakalayo.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza:

Ingilazi ye-Optical isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene namadivayisi, kufaka phakathi:

1.Amalensi ekhamera:Ingilazi ye-Opticaliyingxenye ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwamalensi ekhamera, okuvumela ukugxila okunembayo, ukulungiswa kwesithombe, nokunemba kombala.

2.Izibonakhulu namabonakude:Ingilazi ye-Optical isetshenziselwa ukwenza amalensi, izibuko, amaprism, nezinye izakhi kuma-microscopes nezibonakude, okuvumela ukukhuliswa nokubonwa okucacile kwezinto.

3.Ubuchwepheshe be-Laser:Ingilazi ye-Optical isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amakristalu e-laser namalensi, okuvumela ukulawulwa kwe-laser okunembayo, ukubunjwa kwe-beam, nokuhlukaniswa kwe-beam.

Ingilazi ye-Optical isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amakristalu e-laser

4.I-Fiber Optics: Imicu yengilazi ebonakalayo isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa idatha yedijithali ebangeni elide ngesivinini esikhulu, ukunika amandla ezokuxhumana, ukuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi, nokudluliswa kwedatha ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.

5.Izihlungi zamehlo: Ingilazi yokubona isetshenziselwa ukwenza izihlungi zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nokuthatha izithombe, i-spectrophotometry, nokulungiswa kombala.

6.I-Optoelectronics: Ingilazi ye-Opticals isetshenziswa ekwenzeni izinzwa zokukhanya, izibonisi, amaseli e-photovoltaic, namanye amadivaysi e-optoelectronic.

Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa nje zezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza nezici zengilazi ye-optical. Izakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele ziyenza ibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi embonini ye-optical.