Iyini I-Laser? Umgomo Wesizukulwane Se-Laser

I-Laser ingenye yezinto eziqanjiwe ezibalulekile zesintu, ezaziwa ngokuthi “ukukhanya okugqame kakhulu”. Ezimpilweni zansuku zonke, singakwazi ukubona izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene ze-laser, ezifana nobuhle be-laser, i-laser welding, ababulali bomiyane be-laser, njalonjalo. Namuhla, ake sibe nokuqonda okuningiliziwe kwama-lasers kanye nemigomo esekelwe esizukulwaneni sabo.

Iyini i-laser?

I-Laser ingumthombo wokukhanya osebenzisa i-laser ukukhiqiza i-beam yokukhanya ekhethekile. I-laser ikhiqiza ukukhanya okulengayo ngokufaka amandla asuka emthonjeni wokukhanya wangaphandle noma umthombo wamandla ayise kokubalulekile ngenqubo yemisebe evuselelwe.

I-laser iyidivayisi yokubona eyakhiwe maphakathi okusebenzayo (okufana negesi, okuqinile, noma okuwuketshezi) okungakhulisa ukukhanya nesibonisi esibonakalayo. I-medium esebenzayo ku-laser imvamisa iyimpahla ekhethiwe futhi ecutshunguliwe, futhi izici zayo zinquma ubude be-waveleng obuphumayo be-laser.

Ukukhanya okukhiqizwa ama-lasers kunezici ezimbalwa ezihlukile:

Okokuqala, ama-lasers angukukhanya kwe-monochromatic okunamaza aqinile namaza wamaza, angahlangabezana nezidingo ezithile ezikhethekile zokubona.

Okwesibili, i-laser iwukukhanya okuhambisanayo, futhi isigaba samaza okukhanya sivumelana kakhulu, esingagcina ukuqina kokukhanya okuzinzile kumabanga amade.

Okwesithathu, ama-laser angukukhanya okuqonde kakhulu okunemishayo emincane kakhulu nokugxila okuhle kakhulu, okungasetshenziswa ukufeza ukulungiswa okuphezulu kwendawo.

I-Laser ingumthombo wokukhanya

Isimiso sokukhiqizwa kwe-laser

Ukukhiqizwa kwelaser kuhilela izinqubo ezintathu eziyisisekelo zomzimba: imisebe evuselelwe, ukuphuma okuzenzakalelayo, nokumuncwa okushukunyiswayo.

Simisebe ye-timulated

Imisebe evuselelwe iyisihluthulelo sokukhiqizwa kwe-laser. Uma i-electron esezingeni eliphezulu yamandla ijatshuliswa enye i-photon, ikhipha i-photon enamandla afanayo, imvamisa, isigaba, isimo se-polarization, kanye nesiqondiso sokusakazeka ngakuleyo fotoni. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi imisebe evuselelwe. Okusho ukuthi, i-photon ingakwazi "i-clone" i-photon efanayo ngenqubo yokukhishwa kwemisebe evuselelwe, ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelele ukukhuliswa kokukhanya.

Sukukhishwa kwe-pontaneous

Lapho i-athomu, i-ion, noma i-electron ye-molecule ishintsha isuka ezingeni eliphezulu lamandla iye ezingeni eliphansi lamandla, ikhipha ama-photon enani elithile lamandla, elibizwa ngokuthi ukukhishwa okuzenzakalelayo. Ukukhishwa kwama-photon anjalo akwenzeki, futhi akukho kuhlangana phakathi kwama-photon akhishiwe, okusho ukuthi isigaba sawo, isimo se-polarization, kanye neziqondiso zokusakazeka konke akuhleliwe.

Sukumuncwa kwe-milated

Lapho i-electron esezingeni eliphansi lamandla idonsa i-photon enomehluko wezinga lamandla olingana neyakhe, ingajatshulelwa ezingeni eliphezulu lamandla. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukumuncwa okuvuselelwe.

Kuma-lasers, i-resonant cavity eyakhiwe izibuko ezimbili ezihambisanayo ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokukhishwa kwemisebe evuselelwe. Isibuko esisodwa siyisibuko esibukwayo esiphelele, kanti esinye isibuko siyisibuko se-semi reflection, esingavumela ingxenye ye-laser ukuthi idlule.

Ama-photon ku-laser medium akhombisa emuva naphambili phakathi kwezibuko ezimbili, futhi ukubonakaliswa ngakunye kukhiqiza ama-photon engeziwe ngenqubo evuselelwe yemisebe, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwe ukukhuliswa kokukhanya. Lapho ukuqina kokukhanya kukhula ngezinga elithile, i-laser ikhiqizwa ngesibuko esibonisa kancane.