Ingilazi ye-Optical iwuhlobo olukhethekile lwezinto zengilazi, okungenye yezinto ezibalulekile eziyisisekelo zokukhiqiza insimbi yokukhanya. Inezici ezinhle ze-optical kanye nezakhiwo ezithile zomzimba namakhemikhali, futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene kwe-optical.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zengilazi ye-optical?

Ingilazi ye-Optical ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngezicelo ezithile nezici ezibonakalayo. Nazi izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile zengilazi ye-optical:

1. Ingilazi ye-silicate

Ingilazi ye-silicate iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwengilazi ye-optical, futhi ingxenye yayo eyinhloko i-silicate, okuyi-silicon dioxide, ngokuvamile equkethe izingxenye ezifana ne-boron oxide, i-sodium oxide, ne-magnesium oxide.

2. Ingilazi yomthofu

Ingilazi yomthofu ibhekisela engilazini yokubona enengxenye ethile ye-lead oxide eyengeziwe, enenkomba ephezulu ye-refractive kanye nokuminyana futhi evame ukusetshenziswa kumathuluzi okubona anjengezibonakude nezibonakhulu.

3. Ingilazi ye-Borosilicate

Ingilazi ye-Borosilicate yengezwe ikakhulukazi nge-boron oxide, enenkomba ephezulu yokuphinda iphinde iphinde futhi ihlakazeke kancane, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni amalensi namaprism.

Izinhlobo zengilazi ye-optical

4. Ingilazi yequartz

Ingxenye eyinhloko yengilazi ye-quartz nayo i-silicon dioxide, enezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-optical kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali, futhi manje isetshenziswa kabanzi kumadivayisi optical kanye nezinsimbi.

5. Ingilazi yomhlaba engavamile

Ingilazi yomhlaba engavamile ingilazi yokubona eyenziwe ngokwengeza izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile, ezingalungisa izici ze-optical futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izinkambu zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengama-lasers.

Umehluko phakathi kwengilazi ye-optical kanye nengilazi evamile

Uma kuqhathaniswa nengilazi evamile, ingilazi ye-optical icwengisiswe kakhulu futhi iyingcweti mayelana nokuhlanzeka kokwakheka, inqubo yokulungiselela, ukusebenza kwe-optical, njll. Umehluko omkhulu yilezi:

Ubukhulu nesisindo

Ingilazi ye-Optical ngokuvamile inogqinsi oluncane nesisindo esilula, okuyenza ifaneleke ukukhiqizwa kwemishini yokubona enembayo. Ingilazi evamile ingenziwa ibe mkhulu futhi ibe nzima ngenxa yezinkambu ezihlukene zesicelo.

Isakhi

Ingilazi ye-Optical ihlanzeke kakhulu ekubunjweni futhi ilawulwa kahle, ivamise ukulungiselelwa kusetshenziswa amafomula amakhemikhali athile kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlanzekile kakhulu ukuze kuzuzwe izici zokukhanya ezilindelekile. Ukwakheka kwengilazi evamile kulula, ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngama-silicates nokunye ukungcola.

Ukwakheka kwengilazi evamile

Inqubo yokulungiselela

Ingilazi yokubona idinga izinqubo zokulungiselela ezinembile, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izinqubo ezifana nokuncibilika kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukwelapha ukushisa kwe-vacuum, nokupholisa okunembe okulawulwayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nokunemba kokusebenza kokubona. Ingilazi evamile ngokuvamile isebenzisa izinqubo ezivamile zokulungiselela ingilazi, futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphansi.

Ukusebenza kwe-Optical

Ingilazi ye-Optical inezici ezifana ne-refractive index ephezulu, ukuhlakazeka okuncane, nokumunca ukukhanya okuphansi, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kokubona kuhle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ingilazi ye-optical ingasetshenziswa kakhulu kumishini yokubona efana namalensi, amaprism, nezihlungi zamehlo kumasistimu okubona aqondile.

Kodwa-ke, ingilazi evamile ayinakho ukusebenza kahle kwe-optical futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa emikhakheni efana neziqukathi ezijwayelekile nezinto zokwakha.