1, luyini uhlelo lokubona umshini?

Uhlelo Lomshini Wokubonwa Komshini luhlobo lobuchwepheshe obusebenzisa ama-algorithms ama-computer kanye nemishini yokucabanga ukunika amandla imishini ukuba ibone futhi ahumushe imininingwane ebonakalayo ngendlela eyenziwa ngayo abantu.

Uhlelo luqukethe izakhi eziningana ezinjengamakhamera, izinzwa zezithombe, amalensi, ukukhanyisa, amaprosesa kanye nesoftware. Lezi zingxenye zisebenza ngokubambisana ukuze zithwebule futhi zihlaziye idatha ebonakalayo, zinika amandla umshini ukwenza izinqumo noma ukuthatha izenzo ngokuya ngolwazi oluhlaziywa.

Uhlelo lokubona umshini

Izinhlelo zombono womshini zisetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo ezifana nokukhiqiza, ama-robotic, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, ukubhekwa, kanye nokucabanga kwezokwelashwa. Bangenza imisebenzi efana nokuqashelwa kwento, ukutholwa kwesici, ukukala, nokukhonjwa, okunzima noma okungenakwenzeka ukuthi abantu basebenze ngokunemba okufanayo nokuvumelana okufanayo.

2, izingxenye ezinhlanu eziphambili zohlelo lokubona ngomshini yilezi:

• Ukulingisa Hardware: Lokhu kufaka amakhamera, ama-lens, izihlungi nezinhlelo zokukhanyisa, ezibamba idatha ebonakalayo evela entweni noma endaweni yesehlakalo ehlolwayo.
• Isoftware yokucubungula isithombe:Le software icubungula idatha ebonakalayo ethathwe yi-hardware ye-imaging futhi ikhiphe imininingwane enengqondo evela kuyo. Isoftware isebenzisa ama-algorithms anjengokutholwa komngcele, ukuhlukaniswa, nokuqashelwa kwephethini ukuhlaziya imininingwane.
• Ukuhlaziywa kwezithombe kanye nokuhunyushwa: Lapho isoftware yokucubungula isithombe ikhiphe imininingwane efanele, uhlelo lwe-Machine Vision lusebenzisa le datha ukwenza izinqumo noma ukuthatha izenzo ngokuya ngesicelo esithile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imisebenzi efana nokukhomba iphutha kumkhiqizo, ukubala izinto, noma umbhalo wokufunda.
• Ukuxhumana Kwezokuxhumana:Izinhlelo zombono womshini zivame ukudinga ukuxhumana neminye imishini noma amasistimu ukuqedela umsebenzi. Izindawo zokuxhumana ezifana ne-Ethernet, i-USB, ne-RS232 zinika amandla uhlelo lokudlulisa idatha kwamanye amadivaysi noma ukuthola imiyalo.
• II-Ntegration nezinye izinhlelo: Izinhlelo zombono womshini zingahlanganiswa nezinye izinhlelo ezinjengamarobhothi, abathunisi, noma imininingwane yolwazi ukwakha ikhambi elisebenzayo eliphelele. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kungatholwa ngokusebenzisa izinhlaka zesoftware noma abalawuli abahlelekile (ama-PLCs).

3,Yiluphi uhlobo lwe-lens olusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zombono womshini?

Izinhlelo zombono womshini zivame ukusebenzisa amalensi aklanyelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni noma zesayensi. Lawa ma-lens alungiselelwe ikhwalithi yesithombe, ubukhali, kanye nokwehluka, futhi yakhelwe ukumelana nezimo ezinzima nokusetshenziswa njalo.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamalensi ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zombono womshini, kufaka phakathi:

• Ama-lens ubude obugxile: Lawa ma-lens anobude obugxile obuhleliwe futhi angeke alungiswe. Ngokuvamile asetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho into ibanga nosayizi njalo.
•  Ukusondeza amalensi: Lawa ma-lens angaguqula ubude obugxile, avumela umsebenzisi ukuthi ashintshe ukunyuswa kwesithombe. Zisetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho usayizi wento nebanga luyehlukahluka.
• Ama-telecentric lens: Lawa ma-lens agcina ukukhulisa njalo kungakhathalekile ukuthi unenhlonipho ibanga elithile, okwenza balungele ukukala noma ukuhlola izinto ngokunemba okuphezulu.
• Ama-lens aude-angle: Lawa ma-lens anenkambu enkulu yokubuka kunamalensi ajwayelekile, abenze balungele izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho indawo enkulu idinga ukubanjwa.
• Ama-macro lens: Lawa ma-lens asetshenziselwa ukucabanga okusondelene kwezinto ezincane noma imininingwane.

Ukukhethwa kwamalensi kuya ngohlelo oluthile kanye nekhwalithi yesithombe oyifunayo, isinqumo, kanye nokukhulisa.

4,KanjanitoKhetha ilensi yekhamera yombono womshini?

Ukukhetha ilensi efanelekile yekhamera ye-Machine Vision kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yesithombe esingcono kakhulu nokunemba kohlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha ilensi:

• Usayizi we-Sensor Yezithombe: I-lens oyikhethayo kumele ihambisane nosayizi wenzwa ye-image kwikhamera yakho. Kusetshenziswa i-lens engalungiselelwe usayizi we-sensor yesithombe ingaholela ezithombeni ezihlanekezelwe noma ezifiphele.
• Inkambu yokubuka: Amalensi kufanele anikeze inkambu oyifunayo yokubuka isicelo sakho. Uma udinga indawo enkulu okufanele ifakwe, kungadingeka i-engela e-angle ebanzi.

Inkambu yokubuka kwelensi yekhamera

• Ibanga Lokusebenza: Ibanga phakathi kwelensi nento ecabanga ukuthi ibizwa ibanga elisebenzayo. Ngokuya ngohlelo lokusebenza, i-lens enebanga elifushane noma elinde elisheshayo lingadingeka.

Ibanga lokusebenza

• Ukukhunyusisa: Ukukhuliswa kwelensi kunquma ukuthi into ivela kanjani esithombeni. Ukukhulisa okudingekayo kuzoncika ngosayizi nemininingwane yento efanelwe.
• Ukujula kwenkambu: Ukujula kwensimu kungubanga lamabanga agxile esithombeni. Kuya ngesicelo, ukujula kwenkambu enkulu noma okuncane kungadingeka.

Ukujula kwenkambu

• Izimo Zokukhanyisa: Amalensi kufanele alungiswe izimo zokukhanyisa kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Isibonelo, uma usebenza ezimweni eziphansi zokukhanya, i-lens enomzimba omkhulu ingahle idingeke.
• Izici zezemvelo: Ilensi kufanele ikwazi ukubekezelela izici zezemvelo kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza, njengokushisa, umswakama, kanye nokudlidliza.

Ukucabanga ngalezi zinto kungakusiza ukhethe ilensi efanelekile yekhamera yakho ye-Machine Vision futhi uqinisekise ikhwalithi yesithombe esingcono kakhulu nokunemba kohlelo lwakho lokusebenza.