一、 Yisiphi isikhathi sokundiza kwamakhamera?

Amakhamera e-Time-of-Flight (ToF) awuhlobo lobuchwepheshe bokuzwa ukujula obukala ibanga phakathi kwekhamera nezinto ezisendaweni yesigameko ngokusebenzisa isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze ukukhanya kuhambe ukuya ezintweni futhi kubuyele kukhamera. Avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene ezifana neqiniso elingathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona, amarobhothi, ukuskena kwe-3D, ukubonwa kokuthinta, nokuningi.

Amakhamera we-ToFsebenza ngokukhipha isignali yokukhanya, ukukhanya kwe-infrared ngokuvamile, nokulinganisa isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze isignali ibuyele emuva ngemva kokushaya izinto endaweni yesehlakalo. Lesi silinganiso sesikhathi sibe sesisetshenziswa ukubala ibanga lezinto, ukwakha imephu yokujula noma ukumelwa kwe-3D kwendawo yesehlakalo.

Isikhathi sokundiza kwamakhamera

Uma kuqhathaniswa nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokuzwa ukujula njengokukhanya okuhlelekile noma umbono we-stereo, amakhamera we-ToF anikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa. Banikeza ulwazi lokujula kwesikhathi sangempela, banomklamo olula, futhi bangasebenza ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zokukhanyisa. Amakhamera e-ToF nawo ahlangene futhi angahlanganiswa emishinini emincane efana nama-smartphone, amaphilisi, namadivayisi agqokekayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhamera we-ToF kuhlukene. Eqinisweni lokungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona, amakhamera e-ToF angakwazi ukubona ngokunembile ukujula kwezinto futhi athuthukise ubuqiniso bezinto ezibonakalayo ezibekwe emhlabeni wangempela. Kumarobhothi, anika amandla amarobhothi ukuthi abone indawo ezungezile futhi azulazule izithiyo ngempumelelo. Ekuskeneni kwe-3D, amakhamera e-ToF angakwazi ukuthwebula ngokushesha i-geometry yezinto noma indawo ngezinjongo ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-virtual reality, amageyimu, noma ukuphrinta kwe-3D. Ziphinde zisetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ze-biometric, ezifana nokubonwa kobuso noma ukubonwa kokuthinta kwesandla.

二,Izingxenye zesikhathi samakhamera endiza

Amakhamera wesikhathi sendiza (ToF).iqukethe izingxenye ezibalulekile ezimbalwa ezisebenza ndawonye ukunika amandla inzwa yokujula nesilinganiso sebanga. Izingxenye ezithile zingahluka kuye ngedizayini nomkhiqizi, kodwa nazi izici eziyisisekelo ezivame ukutholakala kumasistimu ekhamera we-ToF:

Umthombo Wokukhanya:

Amakhamera we-ToF asebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya ukuze akhiphe isignali yokukhanya, ngokuvamile esesimweni sokukhanya kwe-infrared (IR). Umthombo wokukhanya kungaba yi-LED (I-Light-Emitting Diode) noma i-laser diode, kuye ngedizayini yekhamera. Ukukhanya okukhishiwe kuhamba kubheke ezintweni ezisendaweni yesigameko.

I-Optics:

Ilensi iqoqa ukukhanya okubonisiwe bese ithwebula indawo ezungezile kwinzwa yesithombe (uhlu lwendiza egxile). Isihlungi se-optical band-pass sidlula kuphela ukukhanya ngobude begagasi obufanayo neyunithi yokukhanyisa. Lokhu kusiza ukucindezela ukukhanya okungabalulekile futhi kunciphise umsindo.

Inzwa yesithombe:

Lena inhliziyo yekhamera ye-TOF. Iphikseli ngayinye ikala isikhathi ukukhanya okusithathile ukuhamba ukusuka kuyunithi yokukhanyisa (i-laser noma i-LED) kuya entweni futhi kubuyele kuhlu lwendiza egxile.

Isikhathi Se-Circuitry:

Ukuze ukale isikhathi sendiza ngokunembile, ikhamera idinga ukujikeleza kwesikhathi okunembile. Lo mjikelezo ulawula ukukhishwa kwesignali yokukhanya futhi ibona isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze ukukhanya kuhambe ezintweni futhi kubuyele kukhamera. Ivumelanisa izinqubo zokukhishwa kanye nokutholwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe izilinganiso ezinembile zebanga.

Ukuguquguquka:

AbanyeAmakhamera we-ToFhlanganisa amasu okushintshashintsha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba nokuqina kwezilinganiso zebanga. Lawa makhamera ashintsha isignali yokukhanya ekhishiwe ngephethini ethile noma imvamisa. Ukushintshashintsha kusiza ukuhlukanisa ukukhanya okukhishiwe kweminye imithombo yokukhanya kwe-ambient futhi kuthuthukisa ikhono lekhamera lokuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinto ezihlukile endaweni yesehlakalo.

Ukujula Ukubala Algorithm:

Ukuguqula izilinganiso zesikhathi sendiza zibe ulwazi olujulile, amakhamera we-ToF asebenzisa ama-algorithms ayinkimbinkimbi. Lawa ma-algorithms ahlaziya idatha yesikhathi etholwe kusitholi sesithombe futhi ibale ibanga phakathi kwekhamera nezinto ezisesigcawini. Ukubala kokujula kwama-algorithms kuvame ukubandakanya ukunxeshezelwa kwezinto ezifana nesivinini sokusabalalisa ukukhanya, isikhathi sokuphendula kwenzwa, nokuphazamiseka kokukhanya kwe-ambient.

Okuphumayo Kwedatha Okujulile:

Uma kubalwa ukujula sekwenziwe, ikhamera ye-ToF inikeza ukujula kokukhishwa kwedatha. Lokhu okukhiphayo kungathatha isimo sokujula kwemephu, ifu lephoyinti, noma ukumelwa kwe-3D kwesigcawu. Idatha ejulile ingasetshenziswa izinhlelo zokusebenza namasistimu ukunika amandla imisebenzi ehlukahlukene njengokulandelela into, into engekho ngokoqobo, noma ukuzulazula kwerobhothi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile kanye nezingxenye zamakhamera we-ToF zingahluka kubakhiqizi abahlukene namamodeli. Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe ingase yethule izici ezengeziwe nezithuthukisi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza namandla ezinhlelo zamakhamera we-ToF.

三、Izicelo

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimoto

Amakhamera wesikhathi sendizazisetshenziswa emisebenzini yosizo nezokuphepha ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zezimoto ezithuthukisiwe njengokuphepha kwabantu abahamba ngezinyawo okusebenzayo, ukutholwa kokushayisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza zasendlini ezifana nokutholwa ungaphandle kwendawo (OOP).

Ukusetshenziswa ToF amakhamera

Ukuxhumana komshini womuntu nokudlala

As amakhamera wesikhathi sendizahlinzeka ngezithombe zebanga ngesikhathi sangempela, kulula ukulandelela ukunyakaza kwabantu. Lokhu kuvumela ukusebenzisana okusha namadivayisi omthengi afana nomabonakude. Esinye isihloko ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwamakhamera ukuze uhlanganyele nemidlalo kuma-consoles wegeyimu yevidiyo.Inzwa ye-Kinect yesizukulwane sesibili efakwe ekuqaleni ne-Xbox One console isebenzise ikhamera yesikhathi sendiza ekuthwebuleni kwayo okuhlukahlukene, evumela ukusebenzisana kwemvelo komsebenzisi nokudlala amageyimu. izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa umbono wekhompyutha nezindlela zokuqaphela ukuthinta.

I-Creative ne-Intel iphinde inikeze uhlobo olufanayo lwekhamera yokuthinta yesikhathi sendiza yokudlala, i-Senz3D esekelwe kukhamera ye-DepthSense 325 ye-Softkinetic. I-Infineon kanye ne-PMD Technologies inika amandla amakhamera amancane ahlanganisiwe e-3D ahlanganisiwe ukuze alawule ukuthinta kwebanga eliseduze kwamadivayisi omthengi afana nama-PC namakhompyutha aphathekayo ahlanganisa konke (i-Picco flexx nekhamera ye-Picco monstar).

Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhamera we-ToF emidlalweni

Amakhamera e-smartphone

Ama-smartphones amaningana afaka amakhamera wesikhathi sendiza. Lezi zisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezithombe ngokunikeza isofthiwe yekhamera ulwazi mayelana nengaphambili nengemuva. Umakhalekhukhwini wokuqala ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunjalo kwakuyi-LG G3, ekhishwe ekuqaleni kuka-2014.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhamera we-ToF kumakhalekhukhwini

Isilinganiso kanye nombono womshini

Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ziyimisebenzi yokulinganisa, isb ngobude bokugcwalisa kuma-silo. Kumbono womshini wezimboni, ikhamera yesikhathi sendiza isiza ukuhlukanisa kanye nokubeka izinto ezizosetshenziswa amarobhothi, njengezinto ezidlula ku-conveyor. Izilawuli zeminyango zingakwazi ukuhlukanisa kalula phakathi kwezilwane nabantu abafika emnyango.

Amarobhothi

Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwala makhamera umkhakha wamarobhothi: Amarobhothi ahambayo angakha imephu yendawo ezungezile ngokushesha okukhulu, akwazi ukugwema izithiyo noma ukulandela umuntu oholayo. Njengoba ukubala kwebanga kulula, kusetshenziswe amandla amancane okuhlanganisa. Njengoba lawa makhamera angasetshenziswa futhi ukukala ibanga, amaqembu oMqhudelwano WOKUQALA wamarobhothi aziwa ngokuthi asebenzisa amadivayisi ukwenza imizila yokuzimela.

I-Topography yomhlaba

Amakhamera we-ToFasetshenziselwe ukuthola amamodeli okuphakama kwedijithali okuma kwendawo engaphezulu komhlaba, ezifundweni ze-geomorphology.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhamera we-ToF ku-geomorphology