Ilensi yombono womshiniiyilensi yekhamera yezimboni eklanyelwe ngokukhethekile izinhlelo zokubona ngomshini. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuveza isithombe sento ethwetshuliwe kwinzwa yekhamera ukuze kuqoqwe izithombe okuzenzakalelayo, kucutshungulwe kanye nokuhlaziywa.
Isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni eminingi efana nesilinganiso sokunemba okuphezulu, ukuhlanganisa okuzenzakalelayo, ukuhlola okungabhubhisi, nokuzulazula kwerobhothi.
1,Umgomo welensi yombono womshini
Izimiso zamalensi omshini wokubona ngokuyinhloko zihlanganisa i-optical imaging, i-geometric optics, i-optical optics nezinye izinkambu, okuhlanganisa ubude bendawo, indawo yokubuka, indawo yokuvula kanye neminye imingcele yokusebenza. Okulandelayo, ake sifunde kabanzi mayelana nezimiso zamalensi okubona omshini.
Izimiso ze-optical imaging.
Umgomo we-optical imaging ukuthi ilensi igxilisa ukukhanya kwinzwa ngamaqembu amalensi amaningi (njengamalensi esikhala namalensi esikhala sento) ukuze yakhe isithombe sedijithali sento.
Ukuma nesikhala seqembu le-lens endleleni yokubona kuzothinta ubude bokugxila, inkambu yokubuka, ukulungiswa kanye neminye imingcele yokusebenza kwelensi.
Izimiso ze-geometric optics.
Umgomo we-geometric optics yelensi ukugxila ekukhanyeni okuvela entweni kuya endaweni yenzwa ngaphansi kwezimo lapho imithetho yokubonisa ukukhanya kanye ne-refraction eyaneliswayo.
Kule nqubo, kuyadingeka ukunqoba ukuphambuka, ukuhlanekezela, ukuphuma kwe-chromatic nezinye izinkinga ze-lens ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-imaging.
Izimiso ze-optics ebonakalayo.
Lapho uhlaziya ukucabanga kwelensi usebenzisa izimiso ze-optics ebonakalayo, kuyadingeka ukucabangela imvelo yegagasi kanye nezimo zokuphazamiseka kokukhanya. Lokhu kuzothinta amapharamitha okusebenza welensi afana nokulungiswa, ukugqama, ukusabalalisa, njll. Isibonelo, amalensi angabhekana nezinkinga zokubonisa nokuhlakaza futhi athuthukise ikhwalithi yesithombe.
Ilensi yokubona umshini
Ubude bokugxila kanye nenkundla yokubuka.
Ubude bokugxila belensi bubhekisela ebangeni eliphakathi kwento nelensi. Inquma usayizi wenkundla yokubuka ilensi, okungukuthi, ububanzi bezithombe ikhamera engazithwebula.
Uma ubude bokugxilwa buba bubude, inkambu yokubuka iya incipha, futhi kuyanda nokukhuliswa kwesithombe; ubude bendawo bufushane, inkundla yokubuka ibe banzi, kanye nokukhulisa isithombe sibe sincane.
Imbobo nokujula kwensimu.
Imbobo iyimbobo elungisekayo kulensi elawula inani lokukhanya elidlula kulensi. Usayizi wokuvula ungalungisa ukujula kwenkambu (okungukuthi, ububanzi obucacile bomfanekiso), obuthinta ukukhanya kwesithombe kanye nekhwalithi yesithombe.
Lapho imbobo ikhudlwana, ukukhanya kungena nakakhulu futhi ukujula kwensimu kuyancipha; imbobo encane, ukukhanya okuncane kungena futhi kujule ukujula kwensimu.
Isixazululo.
Ukulungiswa kubhekisela ebangeni elincane elingaxazululwa ilensi, futhi kusetshenziselwa ukukala ukucaca kwesithombe selensi. Ukuphakama kokulungiswa, kuba ngcono ikhwalithi yesithombe zelensi.
Ngokuvamile, uma kuqhathaniswa, ukulungiswa kwe-umshini wokubona lenskufanele ifane namaphikseli wenzwa, ukuze ukusebenza kwesistimu yelensi kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele.
2,Umsebenzi welensi yombono womshini
Amasistimu ombono wemishini asetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenziweni kwe-elekthronikhi, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni neminye imikhakha. Njengengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesistimu yombono, amalensi okubona omshini anomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kanye nemithelela yesistimu.
Imisebenzi esemqoka yamalensi okubona omshini imi kanje:
Form isithombe.
Isistimu yombono iqoqa ulwazi mayelana nento eqondiwe ngelensi, futhi ilensi igxilisa ukukhanya okuqoqiwe kuyinzwa yekhamera ukuze kwakhe isithombe esicacile.
Imisebenzi yamalensi okubona omshini
Inikeza inkambu yokubuka.
Inkambu yokubuka ilensi inquma usayizi nendawo yokubuka yento eqondiwe ezoqoqwa yikhamera. Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokubuka kuncike kubude bokugxila belensi kanye nosayizi wenzwa wekhamera.
Lawula ukukhanya.
Amalensi omshini amaningi okubona anokulungiswa kokuvula okulawula inani lokukhanya elingena kukhamera. Lo msebenzi ubalulekile ekutholeni izithombe ezisezingeni eliphezulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zokukhanyisa.
Nquma isinqumo.
Ilensi enhle inganikeza izithombe ezicacile, zekhwalithi ephezulu ezinemininingwane yokucaca okuphezulu, ebaluleke kakhulu ekutholweni okunembile kanye nokuhlonza izinto.
Ukulungiswa kokuhlanekezelwa kwelensi.
Lapho uklama amalensi ombono womshini, ukuhlanekezela kuzolungiswa ukuze ilensi ikwazi ukuthola imiphumela eyiqiniso nenembile phakathi nokucubungula isithombe.
Ukujula kwesithombe.
Amanye amalensi athuthukile anganikeza ulwazi olujulile, olubaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini efana nokutholwa kwento, ukubonwa, nokuma.
Imicabango yokugcina:
UChuangAn wenze umklamo wokuqala kanye nokukhiqizwa kweumshini wokubona lens, ezisetshenziswa kuzo zonke izici zomshini wokubona izinhlelo. Uma unentshisekelo noma unezidingo zamalensi ombono womshini, sicela usithinte ngokushesha okukhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-04-2024
