Izinto zepulasitiki kanye nokubunjwa komjovo kuyisisekelo samalensi amancane. Isakhiwo se-lens yepulasitiki sihlanganisa impahla yelensi, umgqomo welensi, ukukhwezwa kwelensi, i-spacer, ishidi le-shading, impahla yendandatho yokucindezela, njll.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinto zamalensi zamalensi epulasitiki, zonke ziyipulasitiki (i-polymer ephezulu yamangqamuzana). Ziyi-thermoplastic, amapulasitiki athambisayo futhi abe ipulasitiki lapho ishiselwa, aqina lapho epholile, futhi athambe lapho efudunyezwa futhi. Ushintsho lomzimba olukhiqiza ushintsho olubuyiseleka emuva phakathi kwezimo eziwuketshezi neziqinile kusetshenziswa ukushisisa nokupholisa. Ezinye izinto zokwakha zasungulwa ngaphambili kanti ezinye zintsha. Amanye amapulasitiki ohlelo olujwayelekile, kanti amanye akhiwe ngokukhethekile ngezinto zepulasitiki ezibonakalayo, ezisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kwezinye izinkambu zokubuka.

Ngomklamo obonakalayo, singabona amamaki ezinto ezibonakalayo ezinkampani ezihlukahlukene, njenge-EP8000, K26R, APL5015, OKP-1 njalonjalo. Zonke zingezohlobo oluthile lwempahla yepulasitiki, futhi lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zivame kakhulu, futhi sizozihlunga ngokuya ngesikhathi sazo sokubukeka:

Amalensi epulasitiki

• l PMMA/Acrylic:I-poly(methyl methacrylate), i-polymethyl methacrylate (i-plexiglass, i-acrylic). Ngenxa yentengo eshibhile, ukudluliswa kwemali okuphezulu, namandla aphezulu emishini, i-PMMA iyindawo yengilazi evame kakhulu ekuphileni. Iningi lamapulasitiki abonakalayo enziwe nge-PMMA, njengamapuleti akhanyayo, izinkezo ezikhanyayo, nama-LED amancane. ilensi njll. I-PMMA ikhiqizwe ngobuningi kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1930s.
• PS:I-Polystyrene, i-polystyrene, iyi-thermoplastic engenambala futhi esobala, kanye nepulasitiki yobunjiniyela, eyaqala ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi ngawo-1930. Amabhokisi amaningi egwebu elimhlophe namabhokisi esidlo sasemini avamile ezimpilweni zethu enziwe ngezinto ze-PS.
• I-PC:I-Polycarbonate, i-polycarbonate, nayo iyi-thermoplastic ye-amorphous engenambala futhi esobala, futhi iyipulasitiki yenhloso evamile. Yasungulwa ngezimboni kuphela ngawo-1960. Ukumelana nomthelela wezinto ze-PC kuhle kakhulu, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivamile zihlanganisa amabhakede okukhipha amanzi, izibuko, njll.
• l I-COP ne-COC:I-Cyclic olefin Polymer (COP), i-Cyclic olefin polymer; I-Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) I-Cyclic olefin copolymer, i-amorphous transparent polymer material enesakhiwo esiyindandatho, ene-carbon-carbon double bond eringini Ama-cyclic hydrocarbons enziwa ngama-cyclic olefin monomers ngokuzi-polymerization (COP) noma i-copolymerization (COC) ) namanye ama-molecule (njenge-ethylene). Izici ze-COP ne-COC zicishe zifane. Lezi zinto zintsha uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngenkathi isungulwa okokuqala, yayicatshangelwa ikakhulukazi kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlobene nokubona. Manje isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yefilimu, i-optical lens, isibonisi, yezokwelapha (ibhodlela lokupakisha). I-COP yaqeda ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni cishe ngo-1990, futhi i-COC yaqeda ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni ngaphambi kuka-2000.
• l O-PET:I-Optical polyester optical polyester fiber, i-O-PET yathengiswa e-Osaka ngawo-2010.

Lapho sihlaziya i-optical material, sikhathazeka kakhulu ngezindawo zabo zokubona kanye nemishini.

I-Optical pizindlu

• I-Refractive Index & Dispersion

Inkomba ye-refractive kanye nokuhlakazeka

Kungabonakala kulo mdwebo omfishane ukuthi izinto ezihlukile zepulasitiki ezibonakalayo ziwela ezinkathini ezimbili: iqembu elilodwa liyinkomba ephezulu ye-refractive kanye nokuhlakazeka okuphezulu; elinye iqembu inkomba ephansi ye-refractive kanye nokuhlakazeka okuphansi. Uma siqhathanisa uhla ozikhethela lona lwenkomba ye-refractive kanye nokuhlakazwa kwezinto zengilazi, sizothola ukuthi uhla lokuzikhethela lwenkomba ye-refractive yezinto zepulasitiki luncane kakhulu, futhi zonke izinto zepulasitiki ezibonakalayo zinenkomba ephansi ye-refractive. Ngokuvamile, uhla lwezinketho zezinto zepulasitiki luncane, futhi kukhona kuphela amamaki ezinto ezithengiswayo ezingaba ngu-10 kuye kwangama-20, okukhawulela kakhulu inkululeko yokuklama optical ngokuya ngezinto zokwakha.

Inkomba ye-refractive iyahlukahluka ngobude be-wavelength: Inkomba ye-refractive yezinto zepulasitiki ze-optical ikhula nge-wavelength, inkomba ye-refractive iyancipha kancane, futhi iyonke iyazinzile.

Inkomba ye-Refractive ishintsha ngokushisa kwe-Dn / DT: I-coefficient yokushisa ye-refractive index ye-optical optical izikhathi ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-50 ezinkulu kunezingilazi, okuyinani elibi, okusho ukuthi njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, inkomba ye-refractive iyancipha. Isibonelo, kubude begagasi obungu-546nm, -20°C kuya ku-40°C, inani le-dn/dT lezinto zepulasitiki ngu- -8 kuya ku -15X10^–5/°C, kuyilapho ngokuphambene, inani lempahla yengilazi. I-NBK7 ingu-3X10^–6/°C.

• Ukudlulisa

I-transmittance

Ngokubhekisela kulesi sithombe, amapulasitiki amaningi okukhanya anokudlulisa okungaphezu kuka-90% ebhendini yokukhanya ebonakalayo; futhi banokudluliswa okuhle kwamabhendi we-infrared we-850nm kanye ne-940nm, ajwayelekile kuma-electronics abathengi. Ukuhanjiswa kwezinto zepulasitiki nakho kuzokwehla ngezinga elithile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isizathu esiyinhloko siwukuthi ipulasitiki imunca imisebe ye-ultraviolet elangeni, futhi iketango lamangqamuzana liyaphuka ukuze liwohloke futhi lixhumane, okuholela ekushintsheni kwezakhiwo zomzimba namakhemikhali. Ukubonakaliswa okusobala kakhulu kwe-macroscopic ukuphuzi kwezinto zepulasitiki.

• I-Stress Birefringence

I-Lens Refraction

I-Stress birefringence (Birefringence) iyindawo yokubona yezinto. Inkomba ye-refractive yezinto ezisetshenziswayo ihlobene nesimo se-polarization kanye nesiqondiso sokusabalalisa sokukhanya kwesigameko. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zibonisa izinkomba ezihlukene zokuphindwa kwezimo ezihlukene ze-polarization. Kwezinye izinhlelo, lokhu kuchezuka kwenkomba ye-refractive kuncane kakhulu futhi akunawo umthelela omkhulu ohlelweni, kodwa kwezinye izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokubona, lokhu kuchezuka kwanele ukubangela ukuwohloka okukhulu kokusebenza kwesistimu.

Izinto zepulasitiki ngokwazo azinazo izici ze-anisotropic, kodwa ukubumba umjovo wamapulasitiki kuzokwethula i-stress birefringence. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukucindezeleka okwethulwa ngesikhathi sokubunjwa komjovo kanye nokuhlelwa kwama-macromolecule epulasitiki ngemva kokupholisa. Ingcindezi ivamise ukugxila eduze kwembobo yomjovo, njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni esingezansi.

Idizayini evamile kanye nomgomo wokukhiqiza ukunciphisa i-stress birefringence endizeni esebenza kahle yokubona, edinga idizayini enengqondo yesakhiwo selensi, isikhunta sokubumba umjovo kanye nemingcele yokukhiqiza. Phakathi kwezinto ezimbalwa, izinto ze-PC zijwayele ukugcizelela i-birefringence (cishe izikhathi ezingu-10 ezinkulu kunezinto ze-PMMA), kanye nezinto ze-COP, COC, ne-PMMA zine-birefringence ephansi yokucindezeleka.