Njengoba sonke sazi, amakhamera adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wokuqapha ezokuphepha. Ngokuvamile, amakhamera afakwa emigwaqweni yasemadolobheni, ezinxanxatheleni zezitolo nakwezinye izindawo zomphakathi, amakhampasi, izinkampani nezinye izindawo. Abagcini nje ngokudlala indima yokuqapha, kodwa futhi bawuhlobo lwemishini yokuphepha futhi ngezinye izikhathi futhi bawumthombo wezinkomba ezibalulekile.

Kungashiwo ukuthi amakhamera okuqapha ezokuphepha abe yingxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi nokuphila emphakathini wanamuhla.

Njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile sohlelo lokuqapha ukuphepha, iilensi yokugada ezokuphephaingathola futhi irekhode isithombe sevidiyo sendawo ethile noma indawo ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngaphandle kokuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela, ama-lens okuqapha ukuphepha nawo anesitoreji sevidiyo, ukufinyelela okukude kanye neminye imisebenzi, esetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokuphepha.

Amalensi okuqapha okuphepha

1,Ukwakhiwa okuyinhloko kwelensi yokugada ezokuphepha

1)Fubude be-ocal

Ubude bokugxila belensi yokugada ezokuphepha bunquma usayizi nokucaca kwento eqondiwe esithombeni. Ubude bokugxila obufushane bufanele ukuqapha ububanzi obubanzi futhi ukubuka okukude kuncane; ubude bokugxila okude bufanele ukubhekwa kwebanga elide futhi bungakhulisa ithagethi.

2)Ilensi

Njengengxenye ebalulekile yelensi yokugada ezokuphepha, ilensi isetshenziswa kakhulu ukulawula inkambu ye-engeli yokubuka kanye nobude bokugxila ukuze kuthwebule izinto eziqondiwe ebangeni elihlukile nobubanzi. Ukukhethwa kwelensi kufanele kunqunywe ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile. Isibonelo, amalensi ane-engeli ebanzi asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuqapha izindawo ezinkulu, kuyilapho amalensi e-telephoto asetshenziselwa ukuqapha okuhlosiwe okukude.

3)Inzwa yesithombe

Inzwa yesithombe ingenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-ilensi yokugada ezokuphepha. Inesibopho sokuguqula amasignali okukhanya abe amasignali kagesi ukuze athwebule izithombe. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezijwayelekile zezinzwa zesithombe: I-CCD ne-CMOS. Njengamanje, i-CMOS kancane kancane ithatha isikhundla esiphezulu.

4)Imbobo

Imbobo yelensi yokugada ukuvikela isetshenziselwa ukulungisa inani lokukhanya elingena kulensi nokulawula ukukhanya nokujula kwesithombe. Ukuvula i-aperture ububanzi kungakhuphula inani lokukhanya elingenayo, elifanele ukuqapha ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuphansi, kuyilapho ukuvala indawo kungafinyelela ukujula okukhulu kwensimu.

5)Tindlela yokukhipha umchamo

Amanye amalensi okugada okuvikela anendlela ezungezayo yokushwiba okuvundlile nokuqondile kanye nokuzungezisa. Lokhu kungafaka ububanzi obubanzi bokuqapha futhi kwandise i-panorama kanye nokuguquguquka kokuqapha.

Ilensi yokugada ezokuphepha

2,Idizayini yokubona yamalensi okuqapha okuphepha

Umklamo obonakalayo weama-lens okuqapha okuphephaubuchwepheshe obubaluleke kakhulu, obubandakanya ubude bokugxila, inkambu yokubuka, izingxenye zamalensi kanye nezinto zamalensi zamalensi.

1)Fubude be-ocal

Kumalensi okugada okuvikela, ubude bokugxila buyipharamitha eyinhloko. Ukukhethwa kobude bokugxila kunquma ukuthi into ingabanjwa kude kangakanani ngelensi. Ngokuvamile, ubude obugxilile obukhudlwana bungafinyelela ukulandelelwa nokubonwa kwezinto ezikude, kuyilapho ubude bendawo obuncane bufanele ukuthwebula i-engeli ebanzi futhi bungamboza inkambu enkulu yokubuka.

2)Inkambu yokubuka

Inkambu yokubuka nayo ingenye yemingcele ebalulekile edinga ukucatshangelwa ekwakhiweni kwamalensi okuqapha okuphepha. Inkambu yokubuka inquma ibanga elivundlile neliqondile elingathathwa ilensi.

Ngokuvamile, amalensi okuqapha ezokuphepha adinga ukuba nenkundla enkulu yokubuka, akwazi ukumboza indawo ebanzi, futhi anikeze inkambu yokubuka yokuqapha ebanzi.

3)Len izingxenye

Umhlangano we-lens uhlanganisa ama-lens amaningi, futhi imisebenzi ehlukene kanye nemiphumela ye-optical ingafinyelelwa ngokulungisa ukuma nokuma kwamalensi. Idizayini yezingxenye zamalensi idinga ukucabangela izici ezifana nekhwalithi yesithombe, ukujwayelana nezimo ezihlukene zokukhanya, nokumelana nokuphazamiseka okungenzeka endaweni.

4)Ilensimizinto zokwakha

Izinto ze-lens nazo zingenye yezinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe ekwakhiweni kwe-optical.Amalensi okuqapha okuphephazidinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-optical nokuqina. Izinto ezivamile zihlanganisa ingilazi nepulasitiki.

Imicabango yokugcina

Uma unentshisekelo yokuthenga izinhlobo ezahlukene zamalensi ukuze ugadwe, ukuskena, ama-drones, ikhaya elihlakaniphile, nanoma yikuphi okunye ukusetshenziswa, sinakho okudingayo. Xhumana nathi namuhla ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana namalensi ethu nezinye izesekeli.