Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-optics kusize isayensi yezokwelapha yesimanje kanye nesayensi yempilo ukuthi ingene esigabeni sokukhula ngokushesha, njengokuhlinzwa okungavami kakhulu, ukwelapha nge-laser, ukuxilongwa kwezifo, ucwaningo lwebhayoloji, ukuhlaziya i-DNA, njll.

Ukuhlinzwa kanye Pharmacokinetics

Indima ye-Optics ekuhlinzeni nase-pharmacokinetics ibonakala ngokuyinhloko ezicini ezimbili: ukukhanya kwe-laser kanye ne-vivo kanye ne-imaging.

1. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-laser njengomthombo wamandla

Umqondo wokwelapha nge-laser wethulwa ekuhlinzweni kwamehlo ngawo-1960. Lapho izinhlobo ezahlukene zamalaser kanye nezakhiwo zawo ziqashelwa, ukwelashwa nge-laser kwanwetshwa ngokushesha kweminye imikhakha.

Imithombo yokukhanya ye-laser ehlukene (igesi, okuqinile, njll.) ingakhipha ama-laser ama-pulsed (Ama-Pulsed Lasers) nama-laser aqhubekayo (Amagagasi aqhubekayo), anemiphumela ehlukene ezicutshini ezihlukene zomzimba womuntu. Le mithombo yokukhanya ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi: i-pulsed ruby ​​laser (Pulsed ruby ​​​​laser); i-argon ion laser eqhubekayo (CW argon ion laser); i-carbon dioxide laser eqhubekayo (CW CO2); i-yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. Ngoba i-carbon dioxide laser eqhubekayo kanye ne-yttrium aluminium garnet laser inomphumela wokuhlangana kwegazi lapho kusikwa izicubu zomuntu, asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlinzeni okuvamile.

Ubude be-wavelength bama-lasers asetshenziswa ekwelashweni ngokuvamile bungaphezu kuka-100 nm. Ukumuncwa kwama-lasers ama-wavelengths ahlukene ezicutshini ezihlukene zomzimba womuntu kusetshenziselwa ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwezokwelapha. Isibonelo, uma ubude begagasi be-laser bukhulu kuno-1um, amanzi ayisona esimunca esiyinhloko. Ama-Lasers awakwazi nje ukukhiqiza imiphumela eshisayo ekufakweni kwezicubu zomuntu zokusikwa nokuhlanganiswa kokuhlinzwa, kodwa futhi akhiqize imiphumela yemishini.

Ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuba abantu bethole imiphumela yemishini engaqondile yama-laser, njengokukhiqizwa kwamabhamuza e-cavitation namagagasi okucindezela, ama-laser asetshenziswa kumasu okuphazamisa isithombe, njengokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract kanye nokuhlinzwa kwamakhemikhali okuchotshozwa ngamatshe ezinso. Ama-Lasers angaphinda akhiqize imiphumela ye-photochemical ukuze iqondise izidakamizwa zomdlavuza ezinama-photosensitive mediators ukuze zikhiphe imiphumela yezidakamizwa ezindaweni ezithile zezicubu, njengokwelashwa kwe-PDT. I-laser ehlanganiswe ne-pharmacokinetics idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wezokwelapha ngokunemba.

2. Ukusetshenziswa kokukhanya njengethuluzi lokukhanyisa kwe-vivo nokuthwebula izithombe

Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990, i-CCD (Inkokhelo EhlanganisiweIkhamera yedivayisi) yethulwa ekuhlinzweni okungavamisile (Minimally Invasive Therapy, MIT), futhi okokubona kwaba noshintsho lwekhwalithi ezinhlelweni zokuhlinzwa. Imiphumela yokucabanga yokukhanya ekuhlinzeni okungavamisile futhi okuvulekile ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa ama-endoscopes, amasistimu e-micro-imaging, kanye ne-holographic imaging yokuhlinzwa.

Kuyavumelana nezimoI-Endoscope, okuhlanganisa i-gastroenteroscope, i-duodenoscope, i-colonoscopy, i-angioscope, njll.

Indlela ye-optical ye-endoscope

Indlela yokubona ye-endoscope ihlanganisa izinhlelo ezimbili ezizimele nezididiyelwe zokukhanyisa nokucabanga.

IqinileI-Endoscope, okuhlanganisa i-arthroscopy, i-laparoscopy, i-thoracoscopy, i-ventriculoscopy, i-hysteroscopy, i-cystoscopy, i-otolinoscopy, njll.

Ama-endoscope aqinile ngokuvamile anama-engeli endlela yokubona engashintshi ongakhetha kuwo, njengama-degree angu-30, ama-45 degrees, angu-60, njll.

Ikhamera yomzimba encane iyidivayisi yokuthwebula esekelwe ku-CMOS encane kanye nenkundla yobuchwepheshe ye-CCD. Isibonelo, i-capsule endoscope,I-PillCam. Ingangena ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla komzimba womuntu ukuze ihlole izilonda nokuqapha imiphumela yezidakamizwa.

I-endoscope ye-capsule

Isibonakhulu sokuhlinzwa se-holographic, idivayisi yokuthwebula esetshenziselwa ukubuka izithombe ze-3D zezicubu ezinhle ekuhlinzweni okunembayo, okufana ne-neurosurgery ye-craniotomy.

I-holographic microscope yokuhlinzwa

Fingqa:

1. Ngenxa yomphumela oshisayo, umthelela wemishini, umphumela we-photosensitivity neminye imiphumela yebhayoloji ye-laser, isetshenziswa kabanzi njengomthombo wamandla ekuhlinzeni okungavamisile okuncane, ekwelashweni okungahlanyisi kanye nokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa okuhlosiwe.

2. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe, imishini yezokwelapha ye-optical imaging yenze inqubekelaphambili enkulu ekuqondeni kokuxazulula okuphezulu kanye ne-miniaturization, yabeka isisekelo sokuhlinzwa okungenamaphutha okuncane nokunembayo ku-vivo. Njengamanje, amadivaysi e-imaging wezokwelapha asetshenziswa kakhulu ahlanganisaama-endoscopes, izithombe ze-holographic kanye nezinhlelo ze-micro-imaging.