Ku-Photography and Optics, isihlungi esingathathi hlangothi noma isihlungi se-ND siyisihlungi esinciphisa noma siguqule ubukhulu bawo wonke ama-wavelength noma imibala elula ngaphandle kokushintsha i-hue yokuzala kabusha. Inhloso yezihlungi ezijwayelekile zokuhlunga kwezithombe ukunciphisa inani lokukhanya okufaka lens. Ukwenza lokhu kuvumela umthwebuli wezithombe ukuthi akhethe inhlanganisela ye-aperture, isikhathi sokuvezwa, kanye nokuzwela kwezinzwa okwakuzokhiqiza isithombe esivele ngokweqile. Lokhu kwenziwa ukufezekisa imiphumela efana nokujula kwensimu noma ukufiphala kwezinto ezinhlolweni ezibanzi zezimo kanye nezimo zomoya.
Isibonelo, umuntu angafuna ukudubula impophoma ngejubane le-shutter elihamba kancane ukudala imiphumela yokufiphala ngenhloso. Umthwebuli wezithombe anganquma ukuthi isivinini se-shutter semizuzwana eyishumi siyadingeka ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo. Ngosuku olukhanyayo kakhulu, kungahle kube nokukhanya ngokweqile, futhi ngisho nangejubane lefilimu eliphansi kakhulu kanye ne-aperture encane kunazo zonke, ijubane le-shutter lemizuzwana eyi-10 lizokwengeza ukukhanya ngokweqile bese isithombe sizobe sesihle kakhulu. Kulokhu, ukusebenzisa isihlungi esingesihle sokungathathi hlangothi kufana nokuvimba izitobhu esisodwa noma eziningi ezingeziwe, okuvumela isivinini esisheshayo esisheshayo kanye nomphumela wokufiphala ofiselekayo.
Isihlungi sokuthola ukungathathi hlangothi, esaziwa nangokuthi isihlungi se-ND esithweswe iziqu, sahlukanisa isihlungi esingathathi hlangothi, noma isihlungi esithweswe iziqu, isihlungi esitholwe iziqu esinokuhanjiswa okukhanyayo. Lokhu kuyasiza lapho isifunda esisodwa sesithombe sikhanya kanti okunye akukhona, njengasesithombeni sokushona kwelanga. Ukwakheka kwalesi sihlungo se-lens okusobala, futhi kancane kancane kuya emathoni afinyelela kwamanye amathoni, anjalo Njengoba u-gradient grey, gradient oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu we-gradient, njll. Ingahlukaniswa isihlungi sombala se-gradient kanye nesihlungi esiguquguqukayo. Ngokombono wefomu le-gradient, lingahlukaniswa laba gradient ethambile kanye ne-gradient kanzima. "Ithambile" kusho ukuthi uhla lwenguquko lukhulu, futhi okuphambene nalokho. . Isihlungi se-Gradient sivame ukusetshenziswa ezithombeni ze-landscape. Inhloso yayo ukwenza ngamabomu engxenyeni engenhla yesithombe ifinyele ithoni yombala ethile elilindelekile ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa ithoni yombala ejwayelekile yengxenye engezansi yesithombe.
Izihlungi ezingathathi hlangothi ezingathathi hlangothi, ezaziwa nangokuthi izihlungi ze-GND, ezihamba kancane - zidlulisela ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ukuvimba ingxenye yokukhanya okungena ku-lens, kusetshenziswa kabanzi. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuzuza inhlanganisela yokuvezwa okulungile okuvunyelwe yikhamera ekujuleni kwenhliziyo okujulile, izithombe ezinesivinini esiphansi, kanye nezimo zokukhanya eziqinile. Futhi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ithoni. Isihlungi se-GND sisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa umehluko phakathi kwezingxenye ezingenhla nezingaphansi noma zesokunxele nakwesobunxele zesikrini. Imvamisa isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukukhanya kwesibhakabhaka futhi kunciphise umehluko phakathi kwesibhakabhaka nomhlabathi. Ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa ukuvezwa okujwayelekile kwengxenye engezansi, kungacindezela ngempumelelo ukugqama kwesibhakabhaka esingenhla, okwenza ukuguqulwa phakathi kokukhanya nobumnyama, futhi kungagqamisa ngempumelelo ukuthungwa kwamafu. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlunga kwe-GND, futhi i-grayscale nayo yehlukile. Kancane kancane iguqukela empunga emnyama ibe ngombala. Imvamisa, kunqunywa ukuyisebenzisa ngemuva kokulinganisa umehluko wesikrini. Ukudalula ngokuya ngenani le-metered lengxenye engenabala, bese wenza ukulungiswa uma kunesidingo.
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: Feb-07-2023
