I-Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) ibhekisela ekuhlanganisweni kobuchwepheshe obuphambili nezinhlelo zolwazi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, kanye nokusimama kwezinhlelo zokuhamba. I-ITS ihlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene ezisebenzisa idatha yesikhathi sangempela, amanethiwekhi okuxhumana, izinzwa, nokuhlaziya okuthuthukile ukuze kuthuthukiswe isipiliyoni sezokuthutha sisonke. Nazi ezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nezinzuzo zamasistimu ezokuthutha ahlakaniphile:
Izingxenye:
Amasistimu Okulawula Izimoto: I-ITS ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokuqapha ithrafikhi, ukulawula, nokuphatha. Lokhu kuhilela ukuqoqwa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela ngezinzwa, amakhamera, namanye amadivayisi, okusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukugeleza kwethrafikhi, isikhathi samasignali, ukuphathwa kwesigameko, nokunciphisa ukuminyana.
I-Advanced Traveller Information Systems (ATIS): I-ATIS ihlinzeka abahambi ngolwazi lwesikhathi sangempela mayelana nezimo zethrafikhi, izikhathi zokuhamba, eminye imizila, namashejuli ezokuthutha. Lokhu kuvumela abahambi ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi bakhethe izinketho zokuhamba ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezilula.
Imoto-isiya-emotweni (V2V) kanye ne-Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Ukuxhumana: Ubuchwepheshe be-V2V ne-V2I buvumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwezimoto nengqalasizinda, njengamasignali ethrafikhi, amayunithi aseceleni komgwaqo, namasistimu okukhokha. Lokhu kuxhumana kuvumela ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, ukusebenzisana, nokusebenza kahle, okufana nokugwema ukushayisana, ukubeka phambili amasignali omgwaqo, kanye nokuqoqwa kwe-electronic toll.
Intelligent Vehicle Technologies: I-ITS ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obufakwe ezimotweni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise i-adaptive cruise control, isixwayiso sokusuka komzila, ukubhuleka okuzenzakalelayo kwesimo esiphuthumayo, kanye ne-platooning yezimoto, lapho izimoto zihamba eduze ndawonye ukuze kuncishiswe ukudonsa kwe-aerodynamic futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli.
Izinzuzo:
Ukugeleza Kwethrafikhi Okuthuthukisiwe: Ubuchwepheshe be-ITS busiza ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwethrafikhi, ukunciphisa ukuminyana, nokunciphisa izikhathi zokuhamba. Lokhu kubangela ukuhamba kahle kwethrafikhi, ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka, nokwanda komthamo wemigwaqo.
Ukuphepha Okuthuthukisiwe: Ngokuhlinzeka ngolwazi lwesikhathi sangempela nokuxhumana phakathi kwezimoto, i-ITS ithuthukisa ukuphepha emgwaqeni. Inika amandla izinhlelo zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi, ukugwema ukushayisana, nezixwayiso zezimo zomgwaqo eziyingozi, ukwehlisa izingozi nokufa.
Ukusimama kanye Nezinzuzo Zemvelo: I-ITS ingaba negalelo ekusimamiseni imvelo ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla sekukonke. Ngokuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwethrafikhi, ukwehlisa ukuminyana, nokukhuthaza ukuziphatha kahle kokushayela, i-ITS isiza ukunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wezokuthutha.
Ukuhlela Nokuphatha Okungcono Kwezokuthutha: I-ITS inikeza idatha ebalulekile kanye nemininingwane yabahleli bezokuthutha nabaphathi. Inika amandla ukuthathwa kwezinqumo okungcono, ukumodela kwethrafikhi, kanye nokubikezela, okuholela ekuhleleni okuthuthukisiwe kwengqalasizinda, ukusebenza kwethrafikhi, nokwabiwa kwezinsiza.
Ukuhamba Okuthuthukisiwe Nokufinyeleleka: Izinhlelo zezokuthutha ezihlakaniphile zithuthukisa izinketho zokuhamba nokufinyeleleka kwazo zonke izihambi, okuhlanganisa nabasebenzisi bezokuthutha zomphakathi, abahamba ngezinyawo, abagibeli bamabhayisikili, nabantu abakhubazekile. Ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela, izinhlelo zokukhokha ezididiyelwe, nokuxhumana kwe-multimodal kwenza ezokuthutha zibe lula futhi zifinyeleleke.
Izinhlelo zokuthutha ezihlakaniphile ziyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukuhlaziya idatha enkulu, nezimoto ezizimele. Lezi zindlela ezintsha zinamandla okuguqula ezokuthutha ngokuqhubeka nokwenza ngcono ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokusimama.
Samasistimu e-CCTV ezokuphepha adlala indima ebalulekile ku-ITS
ezokuphepha izinhlelo ze-Closed-Crcuit Television (CCTV) zidlala indima ebalulekile ku-Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Amasistimu e-CCTV asetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zokuhamba ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha, ukubhekwa, nokuqapha. Nazi ezinye izindlela amasistimu e-CCTV anikela ngazo engxenyeni yezokuphepha ye-ITS:
Ukutholwa Nokuphathwa Kwesigameko: Amakhamera e-CCTV afakwe kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi ezokuthutha, njengemigwaqo emikhulu, amathaneli, nezikhumulo zezindiza, anika amandla ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kwengqalasizinda. Basiza ekutholeni nasekuphenduleni izehlakalo ezifana nezingozi, ukuphuka, noma ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha ngokushesha. Abaqhubi bangahlola isimo, baxwayise iziphathimandla uma kunesidingo, futhi bathathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokunciphisa umthelela.
Ukuvimbela Ubugebengu kanye Nokuvimbela: Amakhamera e-CCTV asebenza njengesivimbelo sezenzo zobugebengu ezindaweni zokuthutha, okuhlanganisa iziteshi zesitimela, izikhumulo zamabhasi, nezindawo zokupaka. Ukuba khona kwamakhamera abonakalayo kungazithena amandla izigebengu ezingaba izigebengu, njengoba zazi ukuthi izenzo zazo zigadiwe futhi ziyarekhodwa. Esimeni sanoma yimiphi imisebenzi esolisayo noma engekho emthethweni, izithombe ze-CCTV zingasetshenziselwa uphenyo kanye nezinjongo zobufakazi.
Ukuphepha Nokuphepha Kwabagibeli: Izinhlelo ze-CCTV zithuthukisa ukuphepha nokuvikeleka kwabagibeli. Baqapha izinkundla, iminyango, nezindawo zamathikithi ukuze babone noma yikuphi ukuziphatha okusolisayo, ukweba, noma izenzo zobudlova. Lokhu kusiza ekuqinisekiseni inhlalakahle yabagibeli futhi kunikeza impendulo esheshayo ezimeni eziphuthumayo.
Ukubhekwa Kwethrafikhi kanye Nokuqinisa: Amakhamera e-CCTV asetshenziselwa ukugada nokuqiniswa kwethrafikhi, asize ekusetshenzisweni kwemithetho yomgwaqo kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuphathwa kwethrafikhi kukonke.
Wisigqokotype kwecimeralens kukhonasiwusizo fortyakhesuhlelo?
Ukukhetha kweI-CCTVilensikumasistimu e-CCTV kuma-Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) kuncike ezidingweni ezithile zohlelo lokugada kanye nenkundla yokubuka oyifunayo. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ezivame ukusetshenziswa zamalensi ekhamera afanele i-ITS:
Ilensi Elungisiwe: Amalensi angashintshi anobude obugxilile obugxilile, okusho ukuthi inkambu yokubuka isethwe unaphakade. Lawa ma-lens afanele izindawo lapho izimfuneko zokugada zihambisana khona futhi indawo yokubuka oyifunayo ingadingeki ukulungiswa njalo. Amalensi angaguquki ngokuvamile athengeka kakhulu futhi ahlinzeka ngekhwalithi yesithombe esihle.
I-Varifocal Lens: Amalensi ahlukahlukene anikeza ukuguquguquka njengoba evumela umsebenzisi ukuthi alungise mathupha ubude bendawo kanye nenkundla yokubuka. Lokhu kubenza bafanelekele izindawo lapho izidingo zokugada zingahluka noma zishintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokulungisa ubude bokugxila, umsebenzisi anganciphisa noma andise inkambu yokubuka njengoba kudingeka. Amalensi e-Varifocal anikezela ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene kodwa angase abize kancane kunamalensi angashintshi.
Ilensi yokusondeza: Amalensi okusondeza ahlinzeka ngobude bokugxila obulungisekayo futhi avumele isilawuli kude senkambu yokubuka. Lawa ma-lens afanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga izinguquko ezivamile endaweni yokubuka, njengokwengamela imigwaqo emikhulu, izimpambanomgwaqo, noma izindawo ezinkulu zokuhamba. Amalensi okusondeza anikeza amandla okulungisa ilensi ukude, okuvumela opharetha ukuthi bahlehlise noma bahlehlise isithombe njengoba kudingeka.
I-Wide-Angle Lens: Amalensi ane-engeli ebanzi anobude bokugxila obufushane, okuvumela inkambu ebanzi yokubuka. Lawa malensi alungele ukuqapha izindawo ezinkulu noma ukuthwebula indawo ebanzi, njengendawo yokupaka, amatheminali amabhasi, noma izinkundla zesitimela. Amalensi ane-engeli ebanzi angathwebula ulwazi olwengeziwe kuhlaka olulodwa kodwa angase adele imininingwane ethile nokucaca kwesithombe uma kuqhathaniswa namalensi anobude bokugxila okude.
I-Telephoto Lens: Amalensi e-Telephoto anobude bokugxila obude, obuvumela inkambu encane yokubuka kodwa inikeza ukukhuliswa okukhulu nokucaca kwesithombe. Lawa ma-lens afanele izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kudingeka khona ukugada amabanga amade, njengokuqapha imigwaqo emikhulu noma amathrekhi wesitimela. Amalensi e-Telephoto avumela ukuthwebula izinto ezikude noma imininingwane ngokunemba.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezifana nezimo zokukhanya, ukubekwa kwekhamera, ukulungiswa kwesithombe okudingekayo, kanye nezidingo ezithile zokugada lapho ukhetha okufanele.ITSilensingohlelo lwayo lweCCTV. Ukubonisana nochwepheshe emkhakheni wezinhlelo zokugada kungasiza ekunqumeni ilensi efaneleke kakhulu yohlelo lokusebenza oluthile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-30-2023
