一、Isikimu sokuhlukanisa esivame ukusetshenziswa se-infrared

Isikimu esisodwa sokuhlukaniswa esivame ukusetshenziswa semisebe ye-infrared (IR) sisekelwe ebangeni le-wavelength. I-spectrum ye-IR ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe izifunda ezilandelayo:

I-Near-infrared (NIR):Lesi sifunda sisukela cishe ku-700 nanometers (nm) kuya ku-1.4 micrometers (μm) ngobude begagasi. Imisebe ye-NIR ivamise ukusetshenziswa ekuzweleni okukude, ku-fiber optic telecommunication ngenxa yokulahlekelwa okuncishisiwe kwengilazi ye-SiO2 (silica) medium. Iziqinisi zesithombe ziyazwela kule ndawo ye-spectrum; izibonelo zihlanganisa amathuluzi okubona ebusuku njengezibuko zokubona ebusuku. I-Near-infrared spectroscopy ingesinye isicelo esivamile.

I-infrared yobude obufushane (i-SWIR):Eyaziwa nangokuthi isifunda se-“shortwave infrared” noma “SWIR”, inweba isuka cishe ku-1.4 μm iye ku-3 μm. Imisebe ye-SWIR ivame ukusetshenziswa ekuthwebuleni, ekuqapheni, nasezinhlelweni ze-spectroscopy.

I-Mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR):Isifunda se-MWIR sisukela cishe ku-3 μm kuya ku-8 μm. Lobu bubanzi buvame ukusetshenziswa ezithombeni ezishisayo, ukukhomba kwezempi, namasistimu okuthola igesi.

I-infrared yobude begagasi ende (LWIR):Isifunda se-LWIR simboza ubude begagasi ukusuka ku-8 μm ukuya ku-15 μm. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ekucabangeni okushisayo, izinhlelo zokubona ebusuku, kanye nezilinganiso zokushisa ezingathinteki.

I-Far-infrared (FIR):Lesi sifunda sisuka cishe ku-15 μm kuya ku-1 millimeter (mm) ngobude begagasi. Imisebe ye-FIR ivame ukusetshenziswa kusayensi yezinkanyezi, inzwa ekude, nasezinhlelweni ezithile zezokwelapha.

Umdwebo webanga lamaza

I-NIR ne-SWIR ndawonye kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge-“reflected infrared”, kanti i-MWIR ne-LWIR kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi “i-infrared eshisayo”.

二, Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-infrared

Ukubona ebusuku

I-infrared (IR) idlala indima ebalulekile kumishini yokubona ebusuku, ivumela ukutholwa kanye nokuboniswa kwezinto endaweni enokukhanya okuphansi noma emnyama. Amadivayisi okubona ebusuku okuqinisa isithombe somdabu, njengezibuko zasebusuku noma ama-monoculars, akhulisa ukukhanya okutholakala kwe-ambient, okuhlanganisa noma yimiphi imisebe ye-IR ekhona. Lawa madivayisi asebenzisa i-photocathode ukuze aguqule ama-photon angenayo, okuhlanganisa nama-photon e-IR, abe ama-electron. Ama-electron abe esesheshiswa futhi akhuliswe ukuze akhe isithombe esibonakalayo. Izibani ze-infrared, ezikhipha ukukhanya kwe-IR, zivame ukuhlanganiswa kulawa madivayisi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubonakala ebumnyameni obuphelele noma ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi lapho imisebe ye-IR ye-ambient inganele.

Indawo yokukhanya ephansi

I-Thermography

Imisebe ye-infrared ingasetshenziswa ukunquma ukude izinga lokushisa lezinto (uma ukukhishwa kwegesi kwaziwa). Lokhu kubizwa nge-thermography, noma endabeni yezinto ezishisa kakhulu ku-NIR noma ezibonakalayo kubizwa nge-pyrometry. I-Thermography (i-thermal imaging) isetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini yezempi neyezimboni kodwa ubuchwepheshe bufinyelela emakethe yomphakathi ngendlela yamakhamera we-infrared ezimotweni ngenxa yokuncipha kakhulu kwezindleko zokukhiqiza.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zesithombe ezishisayo

Imisebe ye-infrared ingasetshenziswa ukunquma ukude izinga lokushisa lezinto (uma ukukhishwa kwegesi kwaziwa). Lokhu kubizwa nge-thermography, noma endabeni yezinto ezishisa kakhulu ku-NIR noma ezibonakalayo kubizwa nge-pyrometry. I-Thermography (i-thermal imaging) isetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini yezempi neyezimboni kodwa ubuchwepheshe bufinyelela emakethe yomphakathi ngendlela yamakhamera we-infrared ezimotweni ngenxa yokuncipha kakhulu kwezindleko zokukhiqiza.

Amakhamera we-Thermographic athola imisebe ebangeni le-infrared ye-electromagnetic spectrum (cishe ama-nanometers angu-9,000–14,000 noma 9–14 μm) futhi akhiqize izithombe zaleyo misebe. Njengoba imisebe ye-infrared ikhishwa yizo zonke izinto ngokusekelwe emazingeni azo okushisa, ngokomthetho wemisebe ye-black-body body, i-thermography yenza kube nokwenzeka “ukubona” indawo yomuntu ngokukhanya okubonakalayo noma ngaphandle kokukhanya. Inani lemisebe elikhishwa into likhuphuka ngezinga lokushisa, ngakho-ke i-thermography ivumela umuntu ukuthi abone ukuhlukahluka kwezinga lokushisa.

I-Hyperspectral imaging

Isithombe se-hyperspectral "isithombe" esiqukethe i-spectrum eqhubekayo ebangeni elibanzi le-spectral kuphikseli ngayinye. I-Hyperspectral imaging ithola ukubaluleka emkhakheni we-spectroscopy esetshenziswayo ikakhulukazi ngezifunda ze-NIR, SWIR, MWIR, kanye ne-LWIR. Izicelo ezijwayelekile zifaka izilinganiso zebhayoloji, ezamaminerali, ezokuvikela, nezimboni.

Isithombe se-hyperspectral

I-Thermal infrared hyperspectral imaging ingenziwa ngendlela efanayo kusetshenziswa ikhamera ye-thermographic, ngomehluko oyisisekelo wokuthi iphikseli ngayinye iqukethe i-LWIR spectrum. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhlonza amakhemikhali ento kungenziwa ngaphandle kwesidingo somthombo wokukhanya wangaphandle njengeLanga noma iNyanga. Amakhamera anjalo ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa izilinganiso ze-geological, ukubhekwa kwangaphandle kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-UAV.

Ukushisisa

Imisebe ye-infrared (IR) ingasetshenziswa ngempela njengomthombo wokushisisa owenziwe ngamabomu ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa yekhono lemisebe ye-IR yokudlulisa ukushisa ngokuqondile ezintweni noma ezindaweni ngaphandle kokushisisa kakhulu umoya ozungezile. Imisebe ye-infrared (IR) ingasetshenziswa ngempela njengomthombo wokushisisa owenziwe ngamabomu ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa yekhono lemisebe ye-IR yokudlulisa ukushisa ngokuqondile ezintweni noma ezindaweni ngaphandle kokushisisa kakhulu umoya ozungezile.

Umthombo wokushisisa

Imisebe ye-infrared isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinqubweni zokushisisa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, ekukhiqizeni, amalambu e-IR noma amaphaneli avame ukusetshenziselwa ukushisa izinto, njengamapulasitiki, izinsimbi, noma okokuhlanganisa, ukwelapha, ukomisa, noma ukwakha izinjongo. Imisebe ye-IR ingalawulwa futhi iqondiswe ngokunembile, okuvumela ukushisa okusebenzayo nokushesha ezindaweni ezithile.