I-Crystal

I-“Ge crystal” ngokuvamile ibhekisela ekristaluni eyenziwe nge-elementi i-germanium (Ge), okuyingxenye ye-semiconductor. I-Germanium ivame ukusetshenziswa emkhakheni we-infrared optics kanye ne-photonics ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele.

Nazi ezinye izici ezibalulekile zamakristalu e-germanium kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo:

1. I-infrared Windows namalensi: I-Germanium ibonakala endaweni ye-infrared ye-electromagnetic spectrum, ikakhulukazi kububanzi be-infrared obumaphakathi namaza namagagasi amade. Lesi sakhiwo siyenza ifaneleke ukukhiqiza amawindi namalensi asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuthwebula ezishisayo, amakhamera we-infrared, namanye amadivaysi okubona asebenza kumaza wamaza e-infrared.
2. Izihloli: I-Germanium iphinde isetshenziswe njenge-substrate yokwenza izitholi ze-infrared, ezifana nama-photodiode nama-photoconductors. Lezi zitholi zingaguqula imisebe ye-infrared ibe isignali kagesi, evumela ukutholwa nokulinganisa ukukhanya kwe-infrared.
3. I-Spectroscopy: Amakristalu e-Germanium asetshenziswa kumathuluzi e-infrared spectroscopy. Angasetshenziswa njengama-beamsplitters, ama-prism, namafasitela ukuze alawule futhi ahlaziye ukukhanya kwe-infrared ukuze kuhlaziywe amakhemikhali nezinto ezibonakalayo.
4. I-Laser Optics: I-Germanium ingasetshenziswa njengezinto ezibonakalayo kwamanye amalaser e-infrared, ikakhulukazi lawo asebenza ebangeni elimaphakathi ne-infrared. Ingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuzuza noma njengengxenye yemigodi ye-laser.
5. I-Space kanye ne-Astronomy: Amakristalu e-Germanium asetshenziswa kuma-infrared nama-observatories asekelwe emkhathini ukuze kufundwe izinto zasemkhathini ezikhipha imisebe ye-infrared. Zisiza abacwaningi ukuba baqoqe ukwaziswa okubalulekile ngendawo yonke okungabonakali ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo.

Amakristalu e-Germanium angatshalwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukene, ezifana nendlela ye-Czochralski (CZ) noma indlela ye-Float Zone (FZ). Lezi zinqubo zibandakanya ukuncibilika nokuqinisa i-germanium ngendlela elawulwayo ukuze kwakheke amakristalu awodwa anezakhiwo ezithile.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba i-germanium inezakhiwo ezihlukile ze-infrared optics, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kunqunyelwe izici ezifana nezindleko, ukutholakala, kanye nobubanzi bayo bokudlulisela obuncane obuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto ze-infrared ezifana ne-zinc selenide (ZnSe) noma i-zinc sulfide (ZnS) . Ukukhethwa kwezinto kuncike ekusetshenzisweni okuqondile kanye nezidingo zesistimu ye-optical.