I-laser yenye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo zoluntu, ezaziwa ngokuba "kukukhanya okuqaqambileyo". Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, sinokubona izicelo ezahlukeneyo ze-laser, ezinjenge-laser entle, i-laser welling, i-laser mosquito zabahlali, njalo njalo. Namhlanje, masibe nokuqonda okubonakalayo kwee-lars kunye nemigaqo yesizukulwana sabo.
Yintoni i-laser?
I-Laser ngumthombo wokukhanya osebenzisa i-laser ye-leser ukuvelisa i-beam ekhethekileyo yokukhanya. I-laser evelisa ukukhanya ngokufaka amandla okuqokelela kwimithombo yokukhanya yangaphandle okanye umthombo wamandla kwizinto zenkqubo yemitha eshukunyisiweyo.
I-laser sisixhobo esingapheliyo esiqulunqwe sisebenza kwi-medium esebenzayo (njengegesi, eqinileyo, okanye ulwelo) onokukhulisa ukukhanya kunye nesiciko sokukhanya. I-Medium esebenzayo kwi-laser idla ngokuba yimpahla ekhethiweyo neyenziwayo, kwaye iimpawu zayo zichonga igalelo lavelength ye-laser.
Ukukhanya okuvezwe zii-lasers kunemiqondiso eyahlukileyo:
Okokuqala, ii-lars zikhanyiso ze-monolomatic ezinamaxesha aqingqiweyo kakhulu kunye namazaqango, ezinokudibana neemfuno ezizodwa ezifanelekileyo.
Okwesibini, i-laser kukukhanya okuPhezulu, kwaye isigaba semigangatho yokukhanya ihambelana kakhulu, enokugcina ukukhanya okukhanyayo komgama omde.
Okwesithathu, ii-lars zikhanyisela kakhulu imiqadi emxinwa kwaye igxile kakhulu, enokusetyenziselwa ukufezekisa isisombululo esiphezulu sendawo.
I-laser ngumthombo wokukhanya
Umgaqo wokuveliswa kwe-laser
Isizukulwana sikaLaser sibandakanya iinkqubo ezintathu ezisisiseko zomzimba: Imitha yemitha evuselelweyo, ukuphuma ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukufunxa.
Siradi yelanga
I-radiation evunyiweyo sisitshixo kwisizukulwana se-laser. Xa i-elektroni kwinqanaba lamandla aphezulu inemincili yenye i-Photon, ikhupha i-Photon enamandla afanayo, rhoqo, iSigaba, imeko yePolarization, kunye ne-Porigalication kwicala le-Photon. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yimitha evunyiweyo. Oko kukuthi, i-Photon inokuthi "i-photon inokuthi" i-photon ekhethekileyo ngenkqubo yokunyanzeliswa komthamo, emva kokufezekiswa okukhanyayo.
SUkukhutshwa kwe-pontaneous
Xa i-atom, ion, okanye i-molekyuli ye-molekring ukusuka kwinqanaba lamandla aphezulu ukuya kwinqanaba lamandla asezantsi, ikhupha iifoto zenani elithile lamandla, elibizwa ngokuba yi-spontaneous yokuphuma. Ukukhutshwa kwazo iifoto ezinjalo akukhangeleka, kwaye akukho kuhambelana phakathi kweefoto ezikhutshiweyo, okuthetha isigaba sazo, i-polarization State, kunye nendlela yokusasaza konke konke.
SUkuthathwa kwelanga
Xa i-elektroni kwinqanaba lamandla asezantsi ifumana i-photon enomgangatho wamandla olingana neyabo, inokuvuya kwinqanaba lamandla aphezulu. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba kukhuselwe.
Kwi-lasers, i-cavity ye-consost eyenziwe ngezibuko ezimbini ezifanayo zihlala zisetyenziswa ukuphucula inkqubo yemitha evunyiweyo. Isibuko esinye sisibuko esipheleleyo, kwaye esinye isibuko sisipili esibonisa isipili, esinokuvumela isahlulo se-laser sidlulise.
Iifoto kwi-laser ephakathi zibonisa ngasemva nangaphandle phakathi kwezibuko ezimbini, kwaye umboniso ngamnye uvelisa iifoto ezingakumbi ngenkqubo yemitha yedini elimiselweyo, emva koko ukufezekisa ukuqhwanyaza kwemitha. Xa ubukhulu bokukhanya kunyuka ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, i-laser iveliswa kwisipili esibonisa.
Iposi
