Ukuphuhliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-optics kuye kwanceda amayeza anamhlanje kunye neenzululwazi zobomi zingena kwinqanaba lophuhliso olukhawulezayo, njengotyando oluncinci, unyango lwe-laser, ukuxilongwa kwezifo, uphando lwezinto eziphilayo, uhlalutyo lwe-DNA, njl.

Utyando kunye ne-Pharmacokinetics

Indima ye-optics kwi-operation kunye ne-pharmacokinetics ibonakaliswe ngokukodwa kwiinkalo ezimbini: i-laser kunye ne-vivo illumination kunye ne-imaging.

1. Ukusetyenziswa kwelaser njengomthombo wamandla

Ingcamango yonyango lwelaser yaziswa kuqhaqho lwamehlo ngeminyaka yoo-1960. Xa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeelaser kunye neempawu zazo zaqatshelwa, unyango lwelaser lwandiswa ngokukhawuleza kwezinye iindawo.

Imithombo yokukhanya ye-laser eyahlukeneyo (igesi, eqinile, njl.) inokukhupha ii-lasers ezi-pulsed (i-Pulsed Lasers) kunye ne-laser eqhubekayo (i-wave eqhubekayo), enemiphumo eyahlukileyo kwizicubu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba womntu. Le mithombo yokukhanya ibandakanya ikakhulu: i-ruby ​​laser yepulsed (iPulsed ruby ​​​​laser); i-argon ion laser eqhubekayo (CW argon ion laser); i-carbon dioxide laser eqhubekayo (CW CO2); yttrium aluminiyam garnet (Nd: YAG) laser. Ngenxa yokuba i-carbon dioxide laser eqhubekayo kunye ne-yttrium aluminium garnet laser ine-blood coagulation effect xa usikwa izicubu zomntu, zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuqhaqho jikelele.

Ubude be-laser obusetyenziswa kunyango lwezonyango ngokubanzi bukhulu kune-100 nm. Ukufunxwa kweelaser zobude obuhlukeneyo kwizicubu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba womntu kusetyenziswa ukwandisa usetyenziso lwayo lwezonyango. Ngokomzekelo, xa ubude be-laser bungaphezulu kwe-1um, amanzi ngowona mthombo wokuqala. I-Lasers ayikwazi ukuvelisa kuphela imiphumo yokushisa kwi-absorption yezicubu zomntu zokusika utyando kunye ne-coagulation, kodwa iphinde ivelise imiphumo yomatshini.

Ngokukodwa emva kokuba abantu befumene ifuthe le-laser, elifana nokuveliswa kwamaqamu e-cavitation kunye namaza oxinzelelo, iilaser zasetyenziswa kwiindlela zokuphazamiseka kwefoto, ezinje ngotyando lwecataract kunye notyando lwekhemikhali yezintso. I-Lasers inokuvelisa iziphumo zefotochemical ukukhokela amachiza omhlaza kunye nabalamli be-photosensitive ukukhupha iziphumo zeziyobisi kwiindawo ezithile zethishu, ezinje ngonyango lwePDT. I-Laser idibene ne-pharmacokinetics idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwintsimi yeyeza elichanekileyo.

2. Ukusetyenziswa kokukhanya njengesixhobo sokukhanyisa kwi-vivo kunye nemifanekiso

Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1990, iCCD (iCharge-CoupledIsixhobo) ikhamera yaziswa kutyando olungephi (Minimally Invasive Therapy, MIT), kwaye i-optics yaba notshintsho olusemgangathweni kwizicelo zotyando. Iziphumo zokucinga zokukhanya kutyando olungephi kunye noluvulelekileyo ikakhulu lubandakanya ii-endoscopes, iinkqubo zokucinga kancinci, kunye ne-holographic imaging yotyando.

UbhetyebhetyeI-Endoscope, kubandakanywa i-gastroenteroscope, i-duodenoscope, ikholonoscope, i-angioscope, njl.

Indlela yokubona ye-endoscope

Indlela ye-optical ye-endoscope ibandakanya iinkqubo ezimbini ezizimeleyo kunye nezilungelelanisiweyo zokukhanyisa kunye nemifanekiso.

UqinileI-Endoscope, kubandakanywa i-arthroscopy, i-laparoscopy, i-thoracoscopy, i-ventriculoscopy, i-hysteroscopy, i-cystoscopy, i-otolinoscopy, njl.

Ii-endoskopu eziqinileyo ngokubanzi zineengile zendlela ye-optical esisigxina onokukhetha kuzo, enje ngama-30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, njl.

Ikhamera yomzimba encinci sisixhobo somfanekiso osekelwe kwi-CMOS encinci kunye neqonga lobuchwepheshe beCCD. Ngokomzekelo, i-capsule endoscope.I-PillCam. Inokungena kwindlela yokugaya umzimba womntu ukujonga izilonda kunye nokubeka iliso kwimiphumo yeziyobisi.

I-endoscope ye-capsule

Utyando lwe-holographic microscope, isixhobo sokucinga esisetyenziselwa ukujonga imifanekiso ye-3D yethishu entle kutyando oluchanekileyo, olufana ne-neurosurgery ye-craniotomy.

Imakroskopu yotyando yeholographic

Shwankathela:

1. Ngenxa yempembelelo ye-thermal, i-mechanical effect, i-photosensitivity effect kunye nezinye iziphumo ze-biological ze-laser, isetyenziswe ngokubanzi njengomthombo wamandla kwi-minimali ye-invasive utyando, unyango olungenayo kunye nonyango olujoliswe kuyo.

2. Ngenxa yophuhliso lobugcisa bokucinga, izixhobo zonyango ze-imaging ze-imaging zenze inkqubela phambili enkulu kwicala lesisombululo esiphezulu kunye ne-miniaturization, ibeka isiseko sotyando oluncinci kunye noluchanekileyo kwi-vivo. Okwangoku, ezona zixhobo zixhaphakileyo zemifanekiso yonyango zibandakanyaii-endoscopes, imifanekiso yeholographic kunye ne-micro-imaging systems.