Ukufota kunye ne-optics, isihluzi se-filter engathathi hlangothi okanye isihluzo se-ND sisihluzi esinciphisa okanye siguqula ubukhulu bazo zonke izinto okanye imibala yokukhanya ngaphandle kokutshintsha i-hue yokuveliswa kwemibala. Injongo yeefilimu zokungathathi hlangothi ezisemgangathweni kukunciphisa inani lokukhanya okungena kwilensi. Ukwenza oku kuvumela umfoti ukukhetha indibaniselwano ye-aperture, ixesha lokuveza, kunye nemvakalelo yovelwano enokuthi ivelise ifoto yorenti. Oku kwenzelwa ukufezekisa iziphumo ezinje ngobunzulu bendawo okanye ukuntywila kwendawo yezinto kuluhlu olubanzi lweemeko kunye neemeko zemozulu.
Umzekelo, umntu unokufuna ukudubula impompo wamanzi kwinkqubo ye-shutter ecothayo ukwenza isiphumo se-vering anengqondo. Umfoti unokugqiba ukuba isantya se-shutter yemizuzwana elishumi siyadingeka ukufezekisa isiphumo esifunekayo. Ngomhla oqaqambileyo kakhulu, kunokubakho ukukhanya kakhulu, kwaye nakwisantya esisezantsi sefilimu kunye ne-aperture encinci, isantya esiyi-shutter yemizuzwana eli-10 siya kuvumela kakhulu kwaye ifoto iya kuba yinto eninzi. Kule meko, ukusebenzisa isihluzi esifanelekileyo sokungathathi hlangothi silingana nokwenzela indawo enye okanye engaphezulu, ivumela isantya seShutter ehamba kancinci, ivumela isiphumo se-shutter enqwenelekayo.
Isihluzi esihamba ngenkani esingathathi hlangothi, esabizwa ngokuba sisihluzo se-ND esiqinisekisiweyo, qhekeza isihluzi sobugwenxa, okanye isihluzi esiphumelele isidanga, yifiltha yokukhanya enosulelo olukhanyayo. Oku kuluncedo xa ingingqi yomfanekiso iqaqambile kwaye ukuphumla akunjalo, njengomfanekiso welanga kwelanga. Njengegrey yeGreyimu, iBlueent eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-Gradient ebomvu, njl njl. Ukusuka kwimbono yefom yegradient, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-gradient yegradient nelukhuni. "Ethambileyo" kuthetha ukuba uluhlu lwenguqu likhulu, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo. . Isihluzo se-gradient sihlala sisetyenziswa kwifoto ye-WallCape. Injongo yayo kukwenza ngabom inxalenye ephezulu yefoto ifezekisa ithowuni ethile yombala olindelekileyo ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni ithoni yombala ophantsi wefoto.
Iifilitha ezingekho mthethweni zokungathathi hlangothi, ekwabizwa ngokuba ziifilitha ze-GND, ezihamba-hamba kwaye zitshintshele ukukhanya, zithintela isiqingatha sokukhanya okungena kwilensi, kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Kusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukufumana ukudityaniswa okuchanekileyo okuvumelekileyo okuvumelekileyo kwikhamera kubunzulu obunzulu beefoto zentsimi, ukufota okuphantsi, kunye neemeko ezinamandla zokukhanya. Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa ithoni. Isihluzi se-GND sisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa umahluko phakathi kwendawo ephezulu nangaphantsi okanye yasekhohlo nasekunene kwesikrini. Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuqaqamba kwesibhakabhaka kwaye kuncitshiswe umahluko phakathi kweSky nomhlaba. Ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni ukubonakaliswa okuqhelekileyo kwenxalenye engezantsi, kunokucinezela ukuqaqamba kwesibhakabhaka esisezantsi, ukwenza utshintsho phakathi kokukhanya kunye nokuthamba okumnyama, kwaye kunokuqaqambisa ngokucokisekileyo kwamafu. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-GUNT zeGle, kwaye i-greyscale nayo yahlukile. Inguqu ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka engwevu emnyama ukuya kungenabala. Ngokwesiqhelo, kugqitywe isigqibo sokuyisebenzisa emva kokulinganisa umahluko wesikrini. Ityhila ngokwexabiso le-fired yenxalenye engenamibala, kwaye wenze izilungiso ukuba kukho imfuneko.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: FEB-07-2023
