一、Iskim esixhaphakileyo sokwahlulwa kwe-infrared

Esinye isikimu esiqhelekileyo sokwahlulwa-hlulwa kwemitha ye-infrared (IR) sisekelwe kuluhlu lwe-wavelength. I-IR spectrum yohlulwe ngokubanzi ngokwemimandla elandelayo:

Ikufuphi ne-infrared (NIR):Lo mmandla usukela malunga nama-700 nanometers (nm) ukuya kwi-1.4 micrometers (μm) kubude bobude. Imitha ye-NIR isoloko isetyenziselwa ukuva okukude, kunxibelelwano lwefiber optic ngenxa yelahleko ephantsi yokuthomalalisa kwiglasi yeSiO2 (silica) medium. Iziqinisekisi zemifanekiso zinovakalelo kulo mmandla we-spectrum; imizekelo ibandakanya izixhobo zokubona ebusuku njengeeglasi zokujonga ebusuku. I-Near-infrared spectroscopy sesinye isicelo esiqhelekileyo.

I-infrared yobude obufutshane (SWIR):Ikwaziwa njenge "shortwave infrared" okanye "SWIR" ummandla, isuka malunga ne-1.4 μm ukuya kwi-3 μm. Imitha ye-SWIR idla ngokusetyenziswa ekucingeni, ekucupheni, nakwizicelo ze-spectroscopy.

I-infrared yobude obuphakathi (MWIR):Ummandla we-MWIR usukela malunga ne-3 μm ukuya kwi-8 μm. Olu luhlu lusetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-imaging thermal, ekujoliswe kuyo emkhosini, kunye neenkqubo zokubona igesi.

I-infrared yobude obude (LWIR):Ummandla we-LWIR ugubungela ubude bamaza ukusuka malunga ne-8 μm ukuya kwi-15 μm. Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimifanekiso ye-thermal, iinkqubo zombono ebusuku, kunye nemilinganiselo yobushushu obungadibananga.

I-infrared ekude (FIR):Lo mmandla usuka malunga ne-15 μm ukuya kwi-1 millimeter (mm) kubude bobude. Imitha ye-FIR idla ngokusetyenziswa kwi-astronomy, i-remote sensor, kunye nezicelo ezithile zonyango.

Umzobo woluhlu lwamaza

I-NIR kunye ne-SWIR kunye ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba "yi-infrared ebonakalisiweyo", ngelixa i-MWIR kunye ne-LWIR ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi "thermal infrared".

二、Usetyenziso lwe-infrared

Umbono ebusuku

I-Infrared (IR) idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisixhobo sokujonga ebusuku, ivumela ukubonwa kunye nokubonwa kwezinto kwindawo enokukhanya okuphantsi okanye emnyama. Ugxininiso lomfanekiso wesiqhelo izixhobo zokubona ebusuku, njengeeglasi zokujonga ebusuku okanye iimonoculars, zandisa ukukhanya okukhoyo okukhoyo, kuquka nayiphi na imitha ye-IR ekhoyo. Ezi zixhobo zisebenzisa ifotocathode ukuguqula iifotoni ezingenayo, kuquka neefotoni ze-IR, zibe zii-electron. Emva koko ii-electron zikhawuleza kwaye zandiswe ukuze zenze umfanekiso obonakalayo. Izikhanyisi ze-infrared, ezikhupha ukukhanya kwe-IR, zihlala zidityaniswa kwezi zixhobo zokuphucula ukubonakala kubumnyama obupheleleyo okanye iimeko zokukhanya okuphantsi apho imitha ye-IR yendawo ingonelanga.

Indawo yokukhanya ephantsi

Thermography

Imitha ye-infrared ingasetyenziselwa ukumisela ukude ubushushu bezinto (ukuba ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kuyaziwa). Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-thermography, okanye kwimeko yezinto ezishushu kakhulu kwi-NIR okanye ebonakalayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-pyrometry. I-Thermography (i-imaging ye-thermal) isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizicelo zasemkhosini nakwimizi-mveliso kodwa itekhnoloji ifikelela kwintengiso yoluntu ngohlobo lweekhamera ze-infrared ezimotweni ngenxa yokuncipha kakhulu kweendleko zemveliso.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemifanekiso eshushu

Imitha ye-infrared ingasetyenziselwa ukumisela ukude ubushushu bezinto (ukuba ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kuyaziwa). Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-thermography, okanye kwimeko yezinto ezishushu kakhulu kwi-NIR okanye ebonakalayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-pyrometry. I-Thermography (i-imaging ye-thermal) isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizicelo zasemkhosini nakwimizi-mveliso kodwa itekhnoloji ifikelela kwintengiso yoluntu ngohlobo lweekhamera ze-infrared ezimotweni ngenxa yokuncipha kakhulu kweendleko zemveliso.

Iikhamera ze-Thermographic zifumanisa ukukhanya kwemitha kuluhlu lwe-infrared ye-electromagnetic spectrum (malunga ne-9,000-14,000 nanometers okanye i-9-14 μm) kwaye ivelise imifanekiso yaloo mitha. Ekubeni imitha yemitha ye-infrared ikhutshwa zizinto zonke ezisekelwe kubushushu bazo, ngokomthetho wemitha yemitha emnyama, i<em>thermografi yenza kube nokwenzeka “ukubona” imekobume kabani ngokukhanya okubonakalayo okanye ngaphandle kokukhanya. Ubungakanani bemitha yemitha ekhutshwa yinto inyuka ngeqondo lobushushu, ngoko ke i-thermografi ivumela umntu ukuba abone ukuhluka kobushushu.

Umfanekiso we-hyperspectral

Umfanekiso we-hyperspectral "ngumfanekiso" oqulethe i-spectrum eqhubekayo kuluhlu olubanzi lwe-spectral kwi-pixel nganye. I-Hyperspectral imaging ifumana ukubaluleka kwintsimi ye-spectroscopy esetyenzisiweyo ngokukodwa nge-NIR, i-SWIR, i-MWIR, kunye nemimandla ye-spectral ye-LWIR. Usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo lubandakanya imilinganiselo yebhayoloji, imineralogical, ukhuselo, kunye neshishini.

Umfanekiso we-hyperspectral

I-Thermal infrared hyperspectral imaging inokwenziwa ngendlela efanayo kusetyenziswa ikhamera ye-thermographic, kunye nomahluko osisiseko wokuba ipixel nganye iqulethe i-LWIR epheleleyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuchongwa kweekhemikhali zento kunokwenziwa ngaphandle kwesidingo somthombo wokukhanya wangaphandle njengeLanga okanye iNyanga. Ezo khamera zidla ngokusetyenziswa kwimilinganiselo yokwakheka komhlaba, ucupho lwangaphandle kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-UAV.

Ukufudumeza

Imitha ye-infrared (IR) eneneni inokusetyenziswa njengomthombo wokufudumeza ngabom kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kubangelwa ngamandla emitha ye-IR ukuhambisa ngokuthe ngqo ubushushu kwizinto okanye imiphezulu ngaphandle kokufudumeza kakhulu umoya ojikelezileyo. Imitha ye-infrared (IR) eneneni inokusetyenziswa njengomthombo wokufudumeza ngabom kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kubangelwa ngamandla emitha ye-IR ukuhambisa ngokuthe ngqo ubushushu kwizinto okanye imiphezulu ngaphandle kokufudumeza kakhulu umoya ojikelezileyo.

Umthombo wokufudumeza

Imitha ye-infrared isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokufudumeza kwimizi-mveliso. Ngokomzekelo, ekuveliseni, izibane ze-IR okanye iipaneli zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukufudumeza izinto, ezifana neeplastiki, isinyithi, okanye i-coatings, ukunyanga, ukomisa, okanye ukwenza iinjongo. Imitha ye-IR inokulawulwa kwaye iqondiswe ngokuchanekileyo, ivumela ukufudumeza okusebenzayo kunye nokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezithile.