Yiba Crystal

“Ikristale yeGe” ngokuqhelekileyo ibhekisa kwikristale eyenziwe kwi-element germanium (Ge), eyimathiriyeli yesemiconductor. I-Germanium isoloko isetyenziswa kwintsimi ye-infrared optics kunye ne-photonics ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa.

Nantsi eminye imiba ephambili yeekristale zegermanium kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo:

1. IWindows kunye neeLensi ze-infrared: I-Germanium iyabonakala kwingingqi ye-infrared ye-electromagnetic spectrum, ngakumbi kwi-mid-wave kunye ne-long-wave infrared ranges. Le propati yenza ukuba ilungele ukuvelisa iifestile kunye neelensi ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokujonga i-thermal, iikhamera ze-infrared, kunye nezinye izixhobo ze-optical ezisebenza kwi-infrared wavelengths.
2. Abachongi: I-Germanium iphinda isetyenziswe njenge-substrate yokwenza i-infrared detectors, njenge-photodiodes kunye ne-photoconductors. Ezi zichongi zinokuguqula ukukhanya kwe-infrared ibe ngumqondiso wombane, okwenza ukuba kubonwe kunye nomlinganiselo wokukhanya kwe-infrared.
3. I-Spectroscopy: Iikristale ze-Germanium ziqeshwe kwi-infrared spectroscopy izixhobo. Zingasetyenziswa njenge-beamsplitters, iiprism, kunye neefestile ukuze zilawule kwaye zihlalutye ukukhanya kwe-infrared kuhlalutyo lweekhemikhali kunye nezinto eziphathekayo.
4. Laser Optics: I-Germanium ingasetyenziswa njengento ebonakalayo kwezinye iilaser ze-infrared, ngakumbi ezo zisebenza kuluhlu oluphakathi kwe-infrared. Ingasetyenziswa njengendawo yokufumana inzuzo okanye njengecandelo kwimingxuma ye-laser.
5. I-Space kunye ne-Astronomy: Iikristale zeGermanium zisetyenziswa kwiiteleskopu ze-infrared kunye neendawo zokuphonononga ezisekwe emajukujukwini ukuze kufundwe izinto ezisesibhakabhakeni ezikhupha imitha ye-infrared. Zinceda abaphandi baqokelele inkcazelo ebalulekileyo ngendalo iphela engabonakaliyo ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo.

Iikristale ze-Germanium zinokukhuliswa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, ezifana neCzochralski (CZ) indlela okanye indlela ye-Float Zone (FZ). Ezi nkqubo zibandakanya ukunyibilika kunye nokuqinisa i-germanium ngendlela elawulwayo ukwenza i-crystals enye eneempawu ezithile.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngelixa i-germanium ineempawu ezizodwa ze-infrared optics, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuthintelwe yimiba efana neendleko, ukufumaneka, kunye noluhlu lwayo oluncinci losasazo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto ze-infrared ezifana ne-zinc selenide (ZnSe) okanye i-zinc sulfide (ZnS) . Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kuxhomekeke kwisicelo esithile kunye neemfuno zenkqubo ye-optical system.