Horumarinta iyo adeegsiga indho-indheynta waxay ka caawisay daawada casriga ah iyo cilmiga nolosha inay galaan marxalad horumar degdeg ah, sida qalliinka ugu yar ee qalliinka, daaweynta laser, ogaanshaha cudurrada, cilmi-baarista bayoolojiga, falanqaynta DNA, iwm.

Qalliinka iyo Farmashiyaha

Doorka indhaha ee qalliinka iyo farmashiyaha waxaa inta badan lagu muujiyaa laba dhinac: laser iyo in vivo illumination and imaging.

1. Codsiga laysarka sida isha tamarta

Fikradda daawaynta laysarka waxa lagu soo bandhigay qalliinka indhaha 1960-kii. Markii la aqoonsaday noocyada kala duwan ee laysarka iyo hantidooda, daawaynta laysarka ayaa si degdeg ah loogu fidiyay meelo kale.

Ilaha iftiinka leysarka ee kala duwan (gaas, adag, iwm.) waxay soo saari karaan lasers garaaca (Pulsed Lasers) iyo lasers joogto ah (Mowjadaha joogtada ah), kuwaas oo saameyn kala duwan ku leh unugyada kala duwan ee jidhka bini'aadamka. Ilahan iftiinka inta badan waxaa ka mid ah: pulsed ruby ​​​​laser (laser-ka garaaca); laser argon ion laser joogto ah (CW argon ion laser); laser carbon dioxide joogto ah (CW CO2); yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd: YAG) laser. Sababtoo ah laser carbon dioxide joogto ah iyo yttrium aluminium garnet laser waxay leeyihiin saameyn xinjirowga dhiigga marka la gooyo unugyada bini'aadamka, waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa qaliinka guud.

Dhererka hirarka leysarka ee loo isticmaalo daawaynta caafimaadku guud ahaan waa ka weyn yahay 100 nm. Nuugista laysarka ee hirarka hirarka kala duwan ee unugyada kala duwan ee jidhka bini'aadamka ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu ballaariyo codsigeeda caafimaadka. Tusaale ahaan, marka hirarka dhererka leysarka uu ka weyn yahay 1um, biyuhu waa nuugista asaasiga ah. Lasers kaliya ma soo saari karaan saamaynta kulaylka nuugista unugyada bini'aadamka ee goynta qaliinka iyo xinjirowga, laakiin sidoo kale waxay soo saaraan saameyn farsamo.

Gaar ahaan ka dib markii ay dadku ogaadeen saamaynta farsamo ee aan tooska ahayn ee leysarka, sida jiilka xumbo-xumada iyo hirarka cadaadiska, laser-yada ayaa lagu dabaqay farsamooyinka sawir-qaadista, sida qalliinka indhaha iyo dhagxaan kelyaha oo burburinaya qalliinka kiimikada. Lasers waxay sidoo kale soo saari karaan saameyno kiimikaad si ay ugu hagaan daawooyinka kansarka leh dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha sawir-qaadista si ay u sii daayaan saameynta daroogada meelaha unugyada gaarka ah, sida daaweynta PDT. Laser-ka oo lagu daray farmashiyaha ayaa kaalin aad muhiim u ah ka ciyaara daawaynta saxda ah.

2. Isticmaalka iftiinka oo ah qalab loogu talagalay iftiinka vivo iyo sawirka

Laga soo bilaabo 1990-meeyadii, CCD (Charge-CoupledAaladda) kamarada waxaa lagu soo bandhigay qalliinka ugu yar ee qallafsan (Daawaynta ugu yar ee Invasive Therapy, MIT), iyo indho-indheynta ayaa isbeddel tayo leh ku yeeshay codsiyada qalliinka. Saamaynta sawirka iftiinka ee qalliinka ugu yar ee galitaanka iyo furan inta badan waxaa ka mid ah endoscopes, nidaamyada sawir-yar ee, iyo sawir-qaadista holographic.

DabacsanEndoscope, oo ay ku jiraan gastroenteroscope, duodenoscope, colonoscope, angioscope, iwm.

Jidka indhaha ee endoscope

Jidka indhaha ee endoscope-ka waxaa ku jira laba nidaam oo madax-bannaan oo isku-dubbaridan oo iftiimin iyo sawir-qaadis ah.

AdagEndoscope, oo ay ku jiraan arthroscopy, laparoscopy, thoracoscopy, ventriculoscopy, hysteroscopy, cystoscopy, otolinoscopy, iwm.

Endoscopes adag guud ahaan waxay leeyihiin dhawr xagal dariiqo indho-indheyn go'an oo laga xusho, sida 30 darajo, 45 darajo, 60 darajo, iwm.

Kamarada jirka ee yar waa qalab sawireed ku salaysan CMOS yar iyo madal tignoolajiyada CCD. Tusaale ahaan, endoscope kaabsal ah,PillCam Waxay geli kartaa habka dheef-shiidka ee jidhka bini'aadamka si loo hubiyo dhaawacyada iyo la socoshada saameynta daawooyinka.

Endoscope-ka kaabsoosha

Qalliinka holographic mikroskoob, qalab sawireed oo loo isticmaalo in lagu eego sawirada 3D ee unug fiican ee qalliinka saxda ah, sida qalliinka neerfaha ee craniotomy.

Mikroskoob-ka holographic qalliinka

Soo koob:

1. Sababo la xiriira saamaynta kulaylka, saamaynta farsamo, saamaynta photosensitivity iyo saamaynta noole kale ee laysarka, waxaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalo sida il tamar qalliinka ugu yar ee qalliinka, daaweynta non-invasive iyo daaweynta daroogada la beegsaday.

2. Sababtoo ah horumarinta tignoolajiyada sawir-qaadista, qalabka sawirka indhaha ee caafimaadka ayaa horumar weyn ka sameeyay jihada xallinta sare iyo yaraynta, iyada oo aasaaska u ah qalliinka ugu yar ee qallafsan iyo saxda ah ee vivo. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, aaladaha sawirada caafimaad ee inta badan la isticmaalo waxaa ka mid ahendoscopes, sawirada holographic iyo nidaamyada sawir-yaraanta.