一, inguva ipi yemakamera ekubhururuka?

Nguva-ye-kubhururuka (tof) makamera ekunzwa tekinoroji inoyerera chinhambwe pakati pekamera uye zvinhu zviri kushandisa nguva iyo inotora kuti mwenje uende kune iyo yechiedza kuenda kune iyo kamera uye kumashure kamera. Ivo vanowanzoshandiswa mune dzakasiyana-siyana application yakadai seyakawedzerwa chokwadi, robotic, 3D kuongorora, kuzivikanwa kwekucherechedzwa, uye zvimwe.

Tof makameraShanda nekuburitsa chiratidzo chechiedza, kazhinji infrared mwenje, uye kuyera iyo nguva yainotora kuti chiratidzo chekudzosera zvinhu mushure mekurova zvinhu zviri kuitika. Kuyera kweiyi nguva kunobva kwashandiswa kuverenga chinhambwe kuenda kuzvinhu, kugadzira mepu yakadzika kana yekumiririra 3D yekumiririra.

Nguva yeApple Makamera

Kuenzaniswa nedzimwe tekinoroji-yekunzwa tekinoroji senge yakarongedzwa mwenje kana stereo chiratidzo, tof cameras inopa akati wandei zvakanakira. Ivo vanopa chaiyo-nguva kudzika ruzivo, vane maitiro akapusa, uye anogona kushanda mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana emwenje. Tof makamera zvakare compact uye inogona kuve yakabatanidzwa kuita zvishandiso zvidiki senge smartphones, mahwendefa, uye zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa.

Zvikumbiro zveTof makamera akasiyana. Muchigadzirwa chechokwadi, tof makamera anogona kunyatsoona kudzika kwezvinhu uye kugadzirisa chokwadi chezvinhu zvakakosha zvakaiswa munyika chaiyo. MuRobotic, vanogonesa marobhoti kuti vaone zvakatipoteredza uye kufamba zvipingamupinyi zvakanyanya. Muna 3D makamera anogona kukurumidza kutora geometry yezvinhu kana nharaunda dzakasiyana-siyana zvinangwa zvakaita sechokwadi, kumitambo, kana kudhinda 3D. Ivo zvakare vanoshandiswawo muBiometric application, sekuzivikanwa kwechiso kana kucherechedzwa ruoko.

二,Zvikamu zvenguva yemakamera ekubhururuka

Nguva-ye-kubhururuka (tof) makamerainosanganisira zvikamu zvinoverengeka zvinoshanda pamwechete kuti vagone kudzika kudzika uye kure kure kuyerwa. Izvo zvinhu zvakananga zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nechirongwa uye mugadziri, asi heino zvinhu zvakakosha zvinowanikwa muTof kamera yeTofamera:

Chiedza Tsime:

Tof makamera anoshandisa mwenje wechiedza kusimudzira chiratidzo chechiedza, kazhinji mune fomu ye infrared (IR) mwenje. Iyo sosi yechiedza inogona kunge iri led (mwenje-inoburitsa diode) kana laser diode, zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwekamera. Iyo yakabuda mwenje inofamba yakananga kune izvo zvinhu zviri muchiitiko.

Optics:

Lens inounganidza mwenje unoratidzwa uye mifananidzo iyo nharaunda pane iyo sensor sensor (focal ndege array). Iyo Optical Band-Pass faira inongopfuura iyo mwenje neiyo yakafanana wavelength seyakaivhenekera unit. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzvinyirira zvisiri pamutemo mwenje uye kuderedza ruzha.

Mufananidzo wemifananidzo:

Iyi ndiyo moyo weiyo tof kamera. Pixel yega yega inoyera iyo nguva iyo mwenje yatora kuti ifambe kubva kuHedumination unit (laser kana lASER) kune chinhu uye kumashure kune iyo focal ndege array.

Nguva Circing:

Kuyera nguva-ye-kubhururuka nenzira kwayo, kamera inoda chaiyo kutenderera nguva. Hunhu hunodzora kubviswa kwechiedza chiratidzo uye nekutsvaga nguva inotora kuti mwenje uende kune iyo zvinhu uye kudzokera kukamera. Iyo inowirirana nekubuda uye kuongororwa maitiro ekuona zvakaringana kureba kuyerwa.

Modulation:

VamweTof makameraBatanidza maitiro ekunyudza kuti avandudze kunyatsoita uye kusimba kwezviyero kure. Aya makamera anounganidza iyo yakabuda chiratidzo chiratidzo chine nzira chaiyo kana frequency. Iyo modulation inobatsira kusiyanisa iyo yakabuda mwenje kubva kune mamwe maEmbient mwenje uye anokwidziridza kugona kamera kusiyanisa pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana mune zvakaitika.

Kudzika kuverenga algorithm:

Kuti ushandure nzira yenguva-ye-yekubhururuka mune yakadzika ruzivo, tof makamera anoshandisa yakajeka algorithms. Aya algorithms anoongorora iyo nguva data yakagashirwa kubva kuPhotodetector uye kuverenga kure kure pakati pekamera uye zvinhu zviri mukati. Iyo yakadzika kuverenga algorithms inowanzo kusanganisira kuripirwa kwezvinhu zvakaita seyekupararira kwepfungwa, sensor mhinduro nguva, uye yekukanganiswa kwechiedza.

Yakadzika Dhata Kubuda:

Kamwe kuverenga kwakadzika kunoitwa, iyo tof kamera inopa yakadzika data kubuda. Ichi chinobuda chinogona kutora fomu remepu rakadzika, gore rekodhi, kana a 3D kumiririra chiitiko. Iyo yakadzika data inogona kushandiswa nezvinonyorera uye masisitimu kuti igone kuita zvakasiyana-siyana senge chinhu chinotevera, chakashongedzwa chaicho, kana robotic kufambidzana.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti kuisirwa chaiko uye zvikamu zveTof makamera anogona kusiyana nevadzidzi vakasiyana uye mhando. Kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji kunogona kuunza zvimwe zvinhu uye kuvandudza kuti uvandudze maitiro uye kugona kweiyo tof kamera yekare.

三, application

Zvemotokari Zvekushandisa

Nguva-ye-Flight Makameraanoshandiswa mukubatsira uye kuchengetedza mabasa ezvekushandisa zvemotokari zvakadai sekushambadzira kwemberi sekuchengetedza, precrash Kuwanikwa uye Indoor application senge kunze-kwe-chinzvimbo (oop) kuwanikwa.

Iko kushandiswa kweTof cameras

Human-Machine Interfaces uye mutambo

As Nguva-ye-Flight MakameraIpa mifananidzo kure munguva chaiyo, zviri nyore kutevedzera kufamba kwevanhu. Izvi zvinobvumira kuwirirana kutsva nemidziyo yemutengi yakaita se terevhizheni. Imwe nyaya ndeyekushandisa rudzi urwu rwemamambo wekupindirana nemitambo pane vhidhiyo yemutambo weChinorita. Zvishandiso zvichishandisa maonero ecomputer uye maitiro ekuziva.

Yakasikwa uye Intel zvakare inopawo mhando yakafanana yekudyidzana kweGesture nguva-ye-ye-kubhururuka kamera yekubhejera, iyo Senz3d zvichienderana nedziva 325 reSoftKinetic. Infineon uye PMD tekinoroji inogonesa zvidiki

Iko kushandiswa kweTof Makamera mumitambo

Smartphone makamera

Kuverengeka smartphones inosanganisira nguva-ye-flight makamera. Izvi zvinonyanya kushandiswa kuvandudza mhando yemifananidzo nekupa iyo kamera software ine ruzivo nezve kumberi uye kumashure. Nhare yekutanga yekushandisa tekinoroji yakadaro yaive iyo LG G3, yakaburitswa kutanga kwa2014.

Iko kushandiswa kweTof Makamera mufoni mbozha

Kuyerwa uye muchina kuona

Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zviyero zviyero, semuenzaniso kune iyo inozadza muSilos. Mune maindasitiri muchina wesindasitiri, iyo nguva-ye-yekubhururuka kamera inobatsira kupatsanura uye kuwana zvinhu zvekushandisa nemarobhoti, senge zvinhu zvinopfuura nepamurume. Door kudzora kunogona kusiyanisa zviri nyore pakati pemhuka uye vanhu vasvika pamusuwo.

Robotic

Kumwe kusarudzwa kweaya makamera ndiwo munda weRobotic: madhiri emunharaunda anogona kuvaka mepu yenzvimbo dzadzo dzinokurumidza kwazvo, ichivagonesa kudzivirira zvipingamupinyi kana kutevera munhu anotungamira. Sezvo kuverenga kwekureba kuri nyore, simba diki rekudyidzana rinoshandiswa. Sezvo makamera aya anogona kushandiswawo kuyera kure, zvikwata zvekutanga zvemakwikwi emarobhoti zvakazivikanwa kushandisa midziyo yemidziyo yekuzvimiririra.

Pasi Topography

Tof makameradzakashandiswa kuwana digital kukwidziridzwa kwemhando dzepasi pepasi topography, ye fundo mu geomorphing.

Iko kushandiswa kweTof Makamera muGeomorphology