一、 Ndeipi nguva yekubhururuka kamera?

Nguva-ye-ndege (ToF) makamera imhando yehunyanzvi hwekunzwa hudzamu hunoyera chinhambwe chiri pakati pekamera nezvinhu zviri pachiitiko nekushandisa nguva inodiwa kuti chiedza chifambe kuenda kuzvinhu uye kudzokera kukhamera. Iwo anowanzo shandiswa muakasiyana maapplication akadai augmented reality, marobhoti, 3D scanning, gesture recognition, nezvimwe.

ToF makamerashanda nekuburitsa chiratidzo chemwenje, kazhinji infrared mwenje, uye kuyera nguva inotora kuti chiratidzo chidzoke shure mushure mekurova zvinhu zviri pachiitiko. Iyi kuyerwa kwenguva inobva yashandiswa kuverenga chinhambwe kuzvinhu, kugadzira mepu yakadzama kana 3D inomiririra yechiitiko.

Inguva yekubhururuka kamera

Kuenzaniswa nemamwe matekinoroji ekudzika-kunzwa senge rakarongeka mwenje kana stereo kuona, ToF kamera inopa akati wandei mabhenefiti. Ivo vanopa chaiyo-nguva ruzivo rwakadzama, vane dhizaini iri nyore, uye vanogona kushanda mumamiriro akasiyana emwenje. Makamera eToF anewo compact uye anogona kubatanidzwa mumidziyo midiki senge mafoni, mahwendefa, uye zvinopfekwa.

Iko kushandiswa kweToF kamera kwakasiyana. Muchokwadi chakawedzerwa, makamera eToF anogona kunyatsoona kudzika kwezvinhu uye kugadzirisa huchokwadi hwezvinhu zvakaiswa munyika chaiyo. Mumarobhoti, anoita kuti marobhoti aone zvakavakomberedza uye kufamba zvipingamupinyi zvakanyanya. Mune 3D scanning, ToF makamera anogona kukurumidza kutora geometry yezvinhu kana nharaunda nezvinangwa zvakasiyana senge chaiyo chaiyo, mutambo wemitambo, kana 3D kudhinda. Iwo anoshandiswawo mukushandisa biometric, sekuziva kumeso kana kuzivikanwa kwemaoko.

二,Zvikamu zvenguva yemakamera ekubhururuka

Nguva-yekubhururuka (ToF) makameraine zvikamu zvakakosha zvakati kuti zvinoshanda pamwechete kugonesa kunzwa kudzika uye kuyerwa kwedaro. Iwo chaiwo maficha anogona kusiyana zvichienderana nedhizaini uye mugadziri, asi hezvino zvinhu zvakakosha zvinowanzo kuwanikwa muToF kamera masisitimu:

Chiedza

Makamera eToF anoshandisa mwenje sosi kuburitsa chiratidzo chechiedza, kazhinji chiri muchimiro chechiedza che infrared (IR). Chiedza chinogona kunge chiri LED (Chiedza-Emitting Diode) kana laser diode, zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwekamera. Chiedza chinobuda chinofamba chichienda kuzvinhu zviri panzvimbo.

Optics:

Lens inounganidza mwenje unoratidzwa uye inofananidzira nharaunda pane iyo mufananidzo sensor (yakatarisana nendege array). Iyo optical band-pass sefa inopfuudza mwenje chete ine wavelength yakafanana neyechikamu chekuvhenekera. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzvanyirira chiedza chisina kukodzera uye kuderedza ruzha.

Sensor yemufananidzo:

Uyu ndiwo moyo weTOF kamera. Pixel yega yega inoyera nguva iyo mwenje watora kufamba kubva paruvheneko unit (laser kana LED) kuenda kuchinhu uye kudzokera kune yakatarisana nendege array.

Nguva Yekutenderera:

Kuyera nguva-yekubhururuka nemazvo, kamera inoda chaiyo nguva yekutenderera. Seketi iyi inodzora kubuda kwechiratidzo chechiedza uye inoona nguva yainotora kuti chiedza chiende kuzvinhu uye kudzoka kukhamera. Inowiriranisa kuburitsa uye maitiro ekuona kuti ive nechokwadi chezviyero zvedaro.

Modulation:

VamweToF makamerabatanidza modulation matekiniki ekuvandudza kurongeka uye kusimba kwezviyero zvedaro. Aya makamera anogadzirisa chiratidzo chemwenje chakaburitswa nepateni chaiyo kana frequency. Iyo modulation inobatsira kusiyanisa mwenje wakaburitswa kubva kune mamwe ambient mwenje masosi uye inosimudzira kugona kwekamera kusiyanisa pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana muchiitiko.

Yakadzama Calculation Algorithm:

Kushandura zviyero zvenguva-yekubhururuka kuita ruzivo rwakadzama, makamera eToF anoshandisa algorithms epamusoro. Aya maalgorithms anoongorora iyo data yenguva yakagamuchirwa kubva kufotodetector uye kuverenga chinhambwe pakati pekamera uye zvinhu zviri pachiitiko. Iwo akadzama kuverenga maalgorithms anowanzo sanganisira kubhadharira zvinhu zvakaita sekumhanya kwechiedza, nguva yekupindura sensor, uye ambient kukanganiswa kwechiedza.

Depth Data Output:

Kana iyo yakadzama kuverenga yaitwa, iyo ToF kamera inopa yakadzika data kuburitsa. Izvi zvinobuda zvinogona kutora chimiro chemepu yakadzama, gore repoindi, kana 3D inomiririra yechiitiko. Iyo data yakadzama inogona kushandiswa nemaapplication uye masisitimu kugonesa akasiyana mashandiro senge chinhu chekutevera, augmented real, kana robotic navigation.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti iyo chaiyo yekuitwa uye zvikamu zveToF kamera zvinogona kusiyanisa kune vakasiyana vagadziri uye modhi. Kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji kunogona kuunza mamwe maficha uye zvigadziriso zvekuvandudza mashandiro uye kugona kweToF kamera masisitimu.

三、Maapplication

Zvishandiso zvemotokari

Makamera enguva-yekubhururukaanoshandiswa mukubatsira uye kuchengetedza mabasa epamberi emotokari maapplication akadai seanoshanda kuchengetedzwa kwevanofamba netsoka, precrash yekuona uye emukati maapplication senge kunze-kwe-nzvimbo (OOP) kuona.

Iko kushandiswa kweToF kamera

Vanhu-muchina interfaces uye kutamba

As nguva-ye-ndege makameraipa mifananidzo yezvinhambwe munguva chaiyo, zviri nyore kuronda mafambiro evanhu. Izvi zvinobvumira kudyidzana kutsva nemidziyo yevatengi sematerevhizheni. Imwe nyaya ndeyekushandisa rudzi urwu rwemakamera kushamwaridzana nemitambo yemavhidhiyo game consoles.Chizvarwa chechipiri Kinect sensor pakutanga yaisanganiswa neXbox One console yakashandisa nguva-yekubhururuka kamera yekufungidzira kwayo, zvichiita kuti mushandisi wechisikigo aenderane uye kutamba. maapplication anoshandisa komputa kuona uye gesture yekuziva maitiro.

Creative uye Intel inopawo yakafanana mhando yekudyidzana nguva-ye-ndege kamera yemitambo, iyo Senz3D yakavakirwa paDepthSense 325 kamera yeSoftkinetic. Infineon uye PMD Technologies inogonesa madiki akabatanidzwa 3D kudzika makamera epedyo-renji gesture kutonga kwevatengi zvishandiso seyese-mu-imwe maPC uye malaptop (Picco flexx uye Picco monstar kamera).

Iko kushandiswa kweToF kamera mumitambo

Smartphone kamera

Mafoni akawanda anosanganisira nguva-ye-ndege makamera. Izvi zvinonyanya kushandiswa kuvandudza mhando yemifananidzo nekupa iyo kamera software neruzivo nezve kumberi uye kumashure. Nharembozha yekutanga kushandisa tekinoroji yakadai yaive LG G3, yakaburitswa kutanga kwa2014.

Iko kushandiswa kweToF kamera mune mbozhanhare

Kuyera uye kuona muchina

Mamwe maapplication mabasa ekuyera, semuenzaniso wehurefu hwekuzadza mumasilos. Muchiono chemuchina weindasitiri, kamera yenguva-yekubhururuka inobatsira kurongedza uye kutsvaga zvinhu zvekushandisa nemarobhoti, senge zvinhu zvinopfuura nepaconveyor. Zvidzoreso zvegonhi zvinogona kusiyanisa zviri nyore pakati pemhuka nevanhu vanosvika pamusuwo.

Robotics

Kumwe kushandiswa kwemakamera aya ibasa remarobhoti: Marobhoti enhare anogona kugadzira mepu yenzvimbo yaanogara nekukurumidza, zvichiita kuti adzivise zvipingamupinyi kana kutevera munhu anotungamira. Sezvo kuverenga kwechinhambwe kuri nyore, simba shoma rekuverengera ndiro rinoshandiswa. Sezvo makamera aya achigona kushandiswawo kuyera chinhambwe, zvikwata zveKUTANGA Robotics Makwikwi zvave zvichizivikanwa nekushandisa zvigadziriso zvekuzvimiririra.

Earth topography

ToF makameraakashandiswa kuwana madhijitari ekukwidziridzwa kwemamodhiyo ePasi pamusoro petopography, yezvidzidzo mune geomorphology.

Iko kushandiswa kweToF kamera mune geomorphology