Ikirahuri cyiza ni iki?

Ikirahure cyizani ubwoko bwihariye bwikirahure cyakozwe kandi cyakozwe kugirango gikoreshwe mubikorwa bitandukanye bya optique. Ifite imiterere yihariye nibiranga ituma bikwiranye no gukoresha no kugenzura urumuri, bigafasha gukora no gusesengura amashusho meza.

Ibigize:

Ikirahure cyiza kigizwe ahanini na silika (SiO₂) nk'ibice nyamukuru bigize ibirahure, hamwe nibindi bintu bitandukanye bigize imiti, nka boron, sodium, potasiyumu, calcium, na gurş. Ihuriro ryihariye hamwe nibitekerezo byibi bice bigena imiterere ya optique na mehaniki yikirahure.

Ibyiza byiza:

1.Icyerekezo cyiza:Ikirahure cyiza gifite igenzurwa neza kandi ryapimwe neza. Indangantego yo gusenya isobanura uburyo urumuri rwunama cyangwa ruhindura icyerekezo uko runyuze mu kirahure, rukagira ingaruka nziza kuri lens, prism, nibindi bikoresho bya optique.

2.Gutandukana:Gutatana bivuga gutandukanya urumuri mumabara yibigize cyangwa uburebure bwumuraba nkuko binyura mubikoresho. Ikirahure cyiza gishobora gukorwa kugirango kigire imiterere yihariye yo gutatanya, cyemerera gukosora aberrasi ya chromatic muri sisitemu ya optique.

3.Kwimura:Ikirahure cyizayashizweho kugira optique ihanitse, yemerera urumuri kunyura hamwe no kwinjiza bike. Ikirahuri cyakozwe kugirango kigire urwego ruto rwumwanda hamwe namabara kugirango bigere kumurabyo mwiza murwego rwifuzwa.

Ikirahure cyiza ni ubwoko bwikirahure kabuhariwe

Ibikoresho bya mashini:

1.Uburinganire Bwiza:Ikirahuri cya optique gikozwe kugirango kibe cyiza cya optique, bivuze ko gifite imiterere ihuriweho nubunini bwacyo. Ibi nibyingenzi mukubungabunga ubwiza bwibishusho no kwirinda kugoreka biterwa no guhindagurika mubipimo byerekana ibintu.

2.Ubushyuhe bwumuriro:Ikirahure cyiza cyerekana ubushyuhe bwiza bwumuriro, bikabasha kwihanganira impinduka zubushyuhe nta kwaguka gukabije cyangwa kugabanuka. Ibi nibyingenzi mukubungabunga imikorere ya optique nibindi bikoresho bya optique mubihe bitandukanye bidukikije.

3. Imbaraga za mashini:Kuvaikirahureikoreshwa kenshi muri sisitemu ya optique, igomba kuba ifite imbaraga zihagije zo guhangana nogukemura no kwiyongera guhangayitse nta guhinduka cyangwa kuvunika. Uburyo butandukanye bwo gushimangira, nkibikoresho bya shimi cyangwa ubushyuhe, birashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere imiterere yubukanishi.

Ibikorwa hamwe nibisabwa byikirahure

Hano haribintu bimwe na bimwe bikoreshwa mubirahuri bya optique:

Fibiryo:

1.Umucyo:Ikirahure cyiza gifite umucyo mwinshi kumucyo ugaragara nubundi burebure bwumuriro wa electromagnetic. Uyu mutungo uyemerera kohereza urumuri neza nta kugoreka gukomeye cyangwa gutatana.

2.Icyerekezo cyiza:Ikirahure cyiza kirashobora gukorwa hamwe nibimenyetso byihariye. Uyu mutungo ushoboza kugenzura no gukoresha imirasire yumucyo, bigatuma ubera lens, prism, nibindi bikoresho bya optique.

Ibikorwa byikirahure cyiza

3.Abbe Umubare:Umubare wa Abbe upima ikwirakwizwa ryibikoresho, byerekana uburyo uburebure butandukanye bwumucyo ukwirakwizwa iyo unyuze muri yo. Ikirahuri cyiza gishobora guhuzwa kugira imibare yihariye ya Abbe, igufasha gukosora neza aberrasi ya chromatic muri lens.

4.Kwagura Ubushyuhe bukabije:Ikirahure cyiza gifite coefficient nkeya yo kwagura ubushyuhe, bivuze ko itaguka cyangwa ngo igabanuke cyane hamwe nimpinduka zubushyuhe. Uyu mutungo uremeza umutekano kandi ukarinda kugoreka muri sisitemu ya optique.

5.Imikorere ya mimi na mashini:Ikirahuri cya optique gifite imiti nubukanishi, bituma irwanya ibintu bidukikije nkubushuhe, ihindagurika ryubushyuhe, hamwe nihungabana ryumubiri. Uku kuramba kuramba kuramba no gukora ibikoresho bya optique.

Porogaramu:

Ikirahure cyiza gikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu nibikoresho bitandukanye, harimo:

1.Kamera ya kamera:Ikirahure cyizani ikintu cyingenzi mubwubatsi bwa kamera, byemerera kwibanda neza, gukemura amashusho, hamwe namabara neza.

2.Microscopes na telesikopi:Ikirahuri cyiza gikoreshwa mugukora lens, indorerwamo, prism, nibindi bice muri microscopes na telesikopi, bigafasha gukuza no kubona neza ibintu.

3.Ikoranabuhanga rya Laser:Ikirahure cyiza gikoreshwa kugirango habeho kristu ya lazeri na lens, bituma habaho kugenzura neza urumuri rwa lazeri, gushiraho ibiti, no gucamo ibiti.

Ikirahure cyiza gikoreshwa mugukora lazeri

4.Fibre optique: Fibre optique ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza amakuru ya digitale intera ndende ku muvuduko mwinshi, ituma itumanaho, umurongo wa interineti, no kohereza amakuru mu nganda zitandukanye.

5.Akayunguruzo keza: Ikirahuri cyiza gikoreshwa mugukora muyungurura kubisabwa nko gufotora, spekitifotometometrie, no gukosora amabara.

6.Optoelectronics: Amashanyarazi mezas ikoreshwa mugukora ibyuma bya optique, kwerekana, selile yifotora, nibindi bikoresho bya optoelectronic.

Izi nizo ngero nkeya gusa zingirakamaro za porogaramu n'ibiranga ikirahure cya optique. Imiterere yihariye ituma iba ingenzi mubice byinshi byinganda za optique.