Laser ni iki? Ihame rya Laser

Laser ni kimwe mubyavutse muntu by'ikiremwamuntu, bizwi ku izina rya "urumuri rukomeye". Mubuzima bwa buri munsi, dushobora kubona akenshi porogaramu zinyuranye, nkubwiza bwa laser, muri laser gusuhuza, abicanyi ba Laser, nibindi. Uyu munsi, reka tumenye ibisobanuro birambuye bya laser namahame yibanze.

Laser ni iki?

Laser nisoko yoroheje ikoresha laser kugirango itange urumuri rwihariye rwumucyo. Ikigereranyo cya laser kibuze urumuri mugushingira ingufu zituruka ku nkomoko yo hanze cyangwa isoko yububasha mubikoresho binyuze mubikorwa byimirasire ishidikanywaho.

Laser nigikoresho cya optique igizwe nuburyo bukora (nka gaze, ikomeye, cyangwa amazi) birashobora kongera urumuri hamwe na optique. Uburyo bukora muri laser mubisanzwe ni ibintu byatoranijwe kandi bitunganijwe, kandi ibiranga byanze bikunze gusohoka kwa laser.

Umucyo wakozwe na lazeri ufite ibintu byinshi bidasanzwe:

Ubwa mbere, aba laze ni urumuri rwa mono 1iratiya hamwe ninsanganyamatsiko zuburebure bwuzuye, bushobora kuzuza ibikenewe bidasanzwe.

Icya kabiri, laser ni umucyo uhinga, kandi icyiciro cyumucyo cyoroheje kidahuye cyane, kikaba gishobora kubungabunga urumuri ruteye ubwoba intera ndende.

Icya gatatu, laseri ni umucyo ugana mu bitabo bigufi cyane kandi byibandwa ryiza, bishobora gukoreshwa kugirango ugere kumyanzuro yo hejuru.

Laser ni isoko yoroheje

Ihame rya Laser

Igisekuru cya laser kirimo inzira eshatu zingenzi zumubiri: imirasire yashishikarije, ubwayo imyuka ihindagurika, kandi ishishikarizwa.

SImirasire

Imirasire yashishikarije nurufunguzo rwo gusebanya. Iyo electron kurwego rwingufu zishimishwa nundi foto ya fotone, ihindura ingufu zifite imbaraga, inshuro, icyiciro, icyerekezo, icyerekezo cya polarisation, no gukwirakwiza icyerekezo cyiyo fononi. Iyi nzira yitwa imirasire ishidikanywaho. Nukuvuga, foneton irashobora "clone" photon imwe binyuze mubikorwa byimirasire ishidikanywaho, bityo igera kuri byongera urumuri.

SGusohora

Iyo atome, ion, cyangwa inzibacyuho za electron ziva kurwego rwingufu zurwego rwo hasi kurwego rwingufu, rusohora amafoto yingufu runaka, zitwa imyuka. Gusohora nk'ibi ntibisanzwe, kandi nta bufatanye hagati y'amafotosi yasohotse, bivuze icyiciro cyabo, imiterere ya polarisation, icyerekezo cyo gukwirakwiza.

SInguzanyo

Iyo electron kurwego rwo hasi akurura photon itandukaniro ryingufu zingana naryo, irashobora kwishima kurwego rwingufu nyinshi. Iyi nzira yitwa ishishikarizwa.

Muri laser, umwobo uhumeka ugizwe nindorerwamo ebyiri zisa nubusanzwe zikoreshwa muguteza imbere imirasire yashishikarije. Indorerwamo imwe ni indorerwamo yuzuye, kandi indi ndorerwamo ni indorerwamo yerekana igice, ishobora kwemerera igice cya laser kunyuramo.

Ifoto ya LASER isobanura inyuma no hagati hagati yindorerwamo ebyiri, kandi buri gitekerezo gitanga amashusho menshi binyuze mubikorwa byashishikarije, hagamijwe kongeramo urumuri. Iyo ubukana bwumucyo bwiyongera kurwego runaka, laser yakozwe binyuze muri kimwe cya kabiri cyerekana.