Laser ni iki? Ihame ryibisekuru

Laser nimwe mubintu byingenzi byavumbuwe nubumuntu, bizwi nk "urumuri rwinshi". Mubuzima bwa buri munsi, dushobora kubona kenshi progaramu zitandukanye za laser, nkubwiza bwa laser, gusudira laser, abica imibu ya laser, nibindi. Uyu munsi, reka dusobanukirwe birambuye laseri n'amahame yibisekuruza byabo.

Lazeri ni iki?

Laser nisoko yumucyo ikoresha laser kugirango itange urumuri rwihariye rwumucyo. Lazeri itanga urumuri rwinshi mugushyiramo ingufu ziva mumucyo uturuka hanze cyangwa isoko yamashanyarazi mubikoresho binyuze mumirasire ikangura.

Lazeri nigikoresho cya optique kigizwe nuburyo bukora (nka gaze, ikomeye, cyangwa amazi) bishobora kongera urumuri hamwe nicyuma cyiza. Igikoresho gikora muri laser mubisanzwe ni ibintu byatoranijwe kandi bitunganijwe, kandi ibiyiranga bigena ibisohoka uburebure bwa laser.

Umucyo ukorwa na laseri ufite ibintu byinshi bidasanzwe:

Ubwa mbere, laseri ni urumuri rwa monochromatique rufite imirongo ikaze cyane hamwe nuburebure bwumuraba, bishobora guhura nibidasanzwe bikenewe.

Icya kabiri, lazeri ni urumuri rwuzuye, kandi icyiciro cyumucyo wumucyo kirahoraho, gishobora gukomeza ubukana bwumucyo ugereranije nintera ndende.

Icya gatatu, laseri ni urumuri rwerekezo rwinshi rufite urumuri ruto cyane kandi rwibanda cyane, rushobora gukoreshwa kugirango rugere ku ntera ndende.

Laser ni isoko yumucyo

Ihame ryo kubyara laser

Igisekuru cya laser gikubiyemo ibintu bitatu byibanze byumubiri: imishwarara itera imbaraga, imyuka ihumanya, hamwe no gukurura.

Simirasire yigihe

Imirasire ikangura nurufunguzo rwo kubyara laser. Iyo electron kurwego rwingufu nyinshi ishimishijwe nindi fotone, isohora fotone ifite ingufu zimwe, inshuro nyinshi, icyiciro, leta ya polarisiyasi, hamwe nicyerekezo cyo gukwirakwiza icyerekezo cya iyo fotone. Iyi nzira yitwa imirasire ikangura. Nukuvuga ko fotone irashobora "gukoroniza" fotone imwe binyuze mumirasire ikangura, bityo ikagera kumurabyo.

Simyuka ihumanya

Iyo atome, ion, cyangwa molekile ya elegitoronike ihindutse ikava murwego rwo hejuru ikagera kurwego ruke, irekura fotone yingufu runaka, ibyo bita imyuka yanduye. Isohora rya fotone nkiyi ntirisanzwe, kandi ntaho bihurira hagati ya fotone yasohotse, bivuze ko icyiciro cyabo, imiterere ya polarisiyasi, hamwe nicyerekezo cyo gukwirakwiza byose ntibisanzwe.

Sigihe cyagenwe

Iyo electron kurwego rwingufu nkeya ikurura fotone ifite itandukaniro ryingufu zingana ningingo zayo, irashobora gushimishwa kurwego rwo hejuru. Iyi nzira yitwa stimulation absorption.

Muri laseri, umwobo wa resonant ugizwe nindorerwamo ebyiri zibangikanye mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugutezimbere imirasire ikanguka. Indorerwamo imwe nindorerwamo yuzuye yerekana, naho indi ndorerwamo ni indorerwamo yerekana igice, ishobora kwemerera igice cya laser kunyuramo.

Fotone iri murwego rwa lazeri yerekana inyuma n'indorerwamo ebyiri, kandi buri cyerekezo gitanga fotone nyinshi binyuze mumirasire ikangura, bityo bikagera kumurabyo. Iyo ubukana bwurumuri bwiyongereye kurwego runaka, laser ikorwa hifashishijwe igice cyerekana indorerwamo.