Ihame n'imikorere ya mashini yo kureba

Imashini yerekana imashinini lens ya kamera yinganda yagenewe byumwihariko sisitemu yo kureba imashini. Igikorwa cyacyo nyamukuru nugushushanya ishusho yikintu cyafotowe kuri sensor ya kamera yo gukusanya amashusho mu buryo bwikora, gutunganya no gusesengura.

Irakoreshwa cyane mubice byinshi nko gupima neza-neza, guteranya byikora, kugerageza kutangiza, no kugendana na robo.

1 、Ihame ryo kureba imashini

Amahame yo kureba imashini yibikoresho cyane cyane arimo amashusho ya optique, geometrike optique, optique yumubiri nizindi nzego, harimo uburebure bwibanze, umurima wo kureba, aperture nibindi bipimo byerekana. Ibikurikira, reka twige byinshi kubyerekeye amahame yo kureba imashini.

Amahame yo gufata amashusho meza.

Ihame rya optique yerekana amashusho ni uko lens yibanda kumucyo kuri sensor binyuze mumatsinda menshi ya lens (nka lens les space na lens space space) kugirango itange ishusho ya digitale yikintu.

Umwanya hamwe nintera yitsinda ryinzira muburyo bwa optique bizagira ingaruka kumurongo wibanze, umurima wo kureba, gukemura nibindi bipimo bya lens.

Amahame ya optique ya geometrike.

Ihame rya geometrike optique ya lens ni iyo kwibanda kumucyo ugaragara uva kukintu hejuru ya sensor hejuru mugihe amategeko yo kugaragariza urumuri no kugabanuka byujujwe.

Muri ubu buryo, birakenewe gutsinda aberration, kugoreka, gukuramo chromatic nibindi bibazo bya lens kugirango tunoze ubwiza bwamashusho.

Amahame ya optique yumubiri.

Iyo usesenguye amashusho yerekana amahame ukoresheje amahame ya optique, birakenewe ko dusuzuma imiterere yumuraba nibintu bibangamira urumuri. Ibi bizagira ingaruka kumikorere ya lens nko gukemura, gutandukanya, gutatanya, nibindi.

Icyerekezo cyimashini

Uburebure bwibanze hamwe n'umwanya wo kureba.

Uburebure bwibanze bwa lens bivuga intera iri hagati yikintu na lens. Igena ubunini bwa lens 'umurima wo kureba, ni ukuvuga urwego rwamashusho kamera ishobora gufata.

Uburebure burebure, uburebure bwumurima wo kureba, kandi nini nini yo gushushanya; mugufi uburebure bwibanze, bwagutse umurima wo kureba, kandi ntoya ishusho nini.

Ubujyakuzimu n'uburebure bw'umurima.

Aperture ni umwobo ushobora guhinduka mumurongo ugenzura ingano yumucyo unyura mumurongo. Ingano ya aperture irashobora guhindura ubujyakuzimu bwumurima (ni ukuvuga intera isobanutse yerekana amashusho), bigira ingaruka kumurika ryishusho hamwe nubwiza bwibishusho.

Ninini ya aperture, niko urumuri rwinjira nuburebure bwimbitse bwumurima; ntoya aperture, urumuri ruke rwinjira kandi rwimbitse zumurima.

Icyemezo.

Gukemura bivuga intera ntoya lens ishobora gukemura, kandi ikoreshwa mugupima ubwumvikane bwibishusho. Iyo hejuru yikemurwa, nibyiza ubwiza bwibishusho bya lens.

Mubisanzwe, iyo bihuye, imyanzuro yaimashini yerekana imashiniigomba guhuza pigiseli ya sensor, kugirango sisitemu imikorere ya lens ikoreshwe byuzuye.

2 、Imikorere ya lens lens

Sisitemu yo kureba imashini ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bya elegitoroniki, inganda zinganda nizindi nzego. Nkibintu byingenzi bigize sisitemu yo kureba, ibyuma byerekana imashini bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere n'ingaruka za sisitemu.

Imikorere yingenzi ya mashini iyerekwa niyi ikurikira:

Form.

Sisitemu yo kureba ikusanya amakuru ajyanye n'ikintu igenewe ikoresheje lens, kandi lens yibanda ku mucyo wakusanyirijwe kuri sensor ya kamera kugirango ikore ishusho isobanutse.

Imikorere ya mashini yerekanwe

Itanga umurima wo kureba.

Umwanya wo kureba lens igena ingano n'umurima wo kureba ikintu cyerekanwe kamera izegeranya. Guhitamo umurima wo kureba biterwa nuburebure bwibanze bwa lens hamwe nubunini bwa sensor ya kamera.

Igenzura urumuri.

Imashini nyinshi zerekana imashini zifite ubugororangingo bugenzura urumuri rwinjira muri kamera. Iyi mikorere ningirakamaro mu kubona amashusho yo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu bihe bitandukanye byo kumurika.

Menya imyanzuro.

Lens nziza irashobora gutanga amashusho asobanutse, yujuje ubuziranenge hamwe nibisobanuro bihanitse, bifite akamaro kanini mugutahura neza no kumenya ibintu.

Lens ikosora.

Mugihe cyo gukora imashini yerekana imashini, kugoreka bizakosorwa kugirango lens ibone ibisubizo nyabyo kandi byukuri mugihe cyo gutunganya amashusho.

Kwerekana amashusho yimbitse.

Lens zimwe zateye imbere zirashobora gutanga amakuru yimbitse, aringirakamaro cyane kubikorwa nko gutahura ibintu, kumenyekana, no guhagarara.

Ibitekerezo byanyuma:

ChuangAn yakoze igishushanyo mbonera n'umusaruro waimashini yerekana imashini, zikoreshwa mubice byose bya sisitemu yo kureba imashini. Niba ushimishijwe cyangwa ukeneye ibyuma byerekana imashini, nyamuneka twandikire vuba bishoboka.