Iterambere nogukoresha optique byafashije ubuvuzi bugezweho nubumenyi bwubuzima kwinjira mubyiciro byiterambere ryihuse, nko kubaga byoroheje byibasiye, kuvura laser, gusuzuma indwara, ubushakashatsi bwibinyabuzima, gusesengura ADN, nibindi.

Kubaga na Pharmacokinetics

Uruhare rwa optique mu kubaga no mu miti ya farumasi rugaragarira cyane cyane mu bintu bibiri: laser no muri vivo kumurika no gufata amashusho.

1. Gukoresha laser nkisoko yingufu

Igitekerezo cyo kuvura laser cyatangijwe mu kubaga amaso mu myaka ya za 1960. Iyo ubwoko butandukanye bwa laseri nibintu byamenyekanye, ubuvuzi bwa laser bwaguwe vuba mubindi bice.

Inkomoko zitandukanye za lazeri (gaze, ikomeye, nibindi) irashobora gusohora lazeri (Pulsed Lasers) hamwe na lazeri ikomeza (Continuous wave), bigira ingaruka zitandukanye mubice bitandukanye byumubiri wumuntu. Aya masoko yumucyo ahanini arimo: pulsed ruby ​​laser (Pulsed ruby ​​laser); guhora argon ion laser (CW argon ion laser); lazeri ikomeza ya gaze karuboni (CW CO2); yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd: YAG) laser. Kuberako lazeri ikomeza ya karuboni ya dioxyde de lazeri na yttrium aluminium garnet laser igira ingaruka zo guhuza amaraso mugihe cyo guca ingirangingo zabantu, zikoreshwa cyane mububiko rusange.

Uburebure bwa laseri zikoreshwa mubuvuzi muri rusange burenze 100 nm. Kwinjiza lazeri z'uburebure butandukanye mumyanya itandukanye yumubiri wumuntu bikoreshwa mukwagura ibikorwa byubuvuzi. Kurugero, iyo uburebure bwa lazeri burenze 1um, amazi niyo yinjiza mbere. Lazeri ntishobora gusa gutanga ingaruka zumuriro mumyanya yumuntu yo gukata no kubaga, ariko kandi itanga ingaruka zubukanishi.

Cyane cyane nyuma yuko abantu bavumbuye ingaruka zidafite umurongo wa lazeri, nko kubyara ibibyimba bya cavitation nu muhengeri wumuvuduko, lazeri yakoreshejwe muburyo bwo gufotora, nko kubaga cataracte no kubaga impyiko kumenagura imiti. Lazeri irashobora kandi gutanga ingaruka zifotora kugirango ziyobore imiti ya kanseri hamwe nabunzi bafotora ibyiyumvo kugirango barekure ingaruka zibiyobyabwenge ahantu runaka, nko kuvura PDT. Laser ihujwe na pharmacokinetics igira uruhare runini mubijyanye nubuvuzi bwuzuye.

2. Gukoresha urumuri nkigikoresho cyo kumurika vivo no gufata amashusho

Kuva mu myaka ya za 90, CCD (Kwishyuza-Bishyizwe hamweIgikoresho) kamera yinjijwe muburyo bwo kubaga byibuze (Minimally Invasive Therapy, MIT), kandi optique yagize impinduka zujuje ubuziranenge mubikorwa byo kubaga. Ingaruka zerekana amashusho yumucyo muburyo bwo kwibasirwa no gufungura kubaga cyane cyane harimo endoskopi, sisitemu yo kwerekana mikoro, hamwe no kubaga holographic imaging.

BiroroshyeEndoscope, harimo gastroenteroscope, duodenoscope, colonoscope, angioscope, nibindi.

Inzira nziza ya endoscope

Inzira nziza ya endoscope ikubiyemo sisitemu ebyiri zigenga kandi zihujwe zo kumurika no gufata amashusho.

RigidEndoscope, harimo arthroscopie, laparoscopi, thoracoscopy, ventriculoscopy, hysteroscopi, cystoskopi, otolinoskopi, nibindi.

Endoskopi ya Rigid muri rusange ifite gusa inzira ihamye yo guhitamo inzira, nka dogere 30, dogere 45, dogere 60, nibindi.

Kamera ntoya yumubiri nigikoresho cyerekana amashusho gishingiye kuri miniature ya CMOS na CCD. Kurugero, capsule endoscope,Inkingi. Irashobora kwinjira muri sisitemu yumubiri yumubiri wumuntu kugirango isuzume ibikomere no gukurikirana ingaruka zibiyobyabwenge.

Capsule endoscope

Microscope ya Surgical holographic, igikoresho cyerekana amashusho gikoreshwa mu kureba amashusho ya 3D yerekana ingirabuzimafatizo nziza mu kubaga neza, nka neurosurgie ya craniotomy.

Mikorosikopi yo kubaga

Incamake:

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2. Bitewe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya mashusho, ibikoresho byubuvuzi bwa optique byubuvuzi byateye intambwe nini mubyerekezo byo gukemura cyane na miniaturizasiya, bishyiraho urufatiro rwo kubaga byibasiye kandi byuzuye muri vivo. Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mu kuvura amashusho birimoendoskopi, amashusho ya holographe na sisitemu yo kwerekana amashusho.