Zida za pulasitiki ndi kuumba kwa jekeseni ndizo maziko a magalasi a miniaturized. Mapangidwe a mandala apulasitiki amaphatikiza zinthu zama lens, mbiya ya mandala, kukwera kwa ma lens, spacer, pepala la shading, zida za mphete, etc.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya zida zamagalasi zamagalasi apulasitiki, onse omwe ali pulasitiki (ma polima apamwamba kwambiri). Ndi mapulasitiki a thermoplastic, omwe amafewetsa ndi kukhala pulasitiki akatenthedwa, amauma akazizira, ndi kufewa akatenthedwanso. Kusintha kwa thupi komwe kumabweretsa kusintha kosinthika pakati pa madzi ndi madzi olimba pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha ndi kuziziritsa. Zida zina zidapangidwa kale ndipo zina ndi zatsopano. Zina ndi mapulasitiki ogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, ndipo zida zina zimapangidwa mwapadera ndi zida zapulasitiki zowoneka bwino, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'magawo ena owonera.

Mu kapangidwe ka kuwala, titha kuwona magiredi amakampani osiyanasiyana, monga EP8000, K26R, APL5015, OKP-1 ndi zina zotero. Onse ndi amtundu wina wazinthu zapulasitiki, ndipo mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyofala kwambiri, ndipo tidzayisankha molingana ndi nthawi yowonekera:

Magalasi apulasitiki

• l PMMA / Acrylic:Poly(methyl methacrylate), polymethyl methacrylate (plexiglass, acrylic). Chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika mtengo, kutumiza mwachangu, komanso mphamvu zamakina apamwamba, PMMA ndiye cholowa m'malo mwagalasi chofala kwambiri m'moyo. Mapulasitiki ambiri owonekera amapangidwa ndi PMMA, monga mbale zowonekera, spoons zowonekera, ndi ma LED ang'onoang'ono. mandala ndi zina. PMMA yapangidwa mochuluka kuyambira 1930s.
• PS:Polystyrene, polystyrene, ndi thermoplastic yopanda mtundu komanso yowoneka bwino, komanso pulasitiki yaumisiri, yomwe idayamba kupanga misa mu 1930s. Mabokosi ambiri a thovu oyera ndi mabokosi a nkhomaliro omwe amapezeka m'miyoyo yathu amapangidwa ndi zida za PS.
• PC:Polycarbonate, polycarbonate, ilinso yopanda mtundu komanso yowoneka bwino ya amorphous thermoplastic, komanso ndi pulasitiki yolinganiza. Zinangopangidwa m'ma 1960s. Kukaniza kwazinthu za PC ndizabwino kwambiri, ntchito wamba zimaphatikizapo ndowa zoperekera madzi, magalasi, ndi zina zambiri.
• l COP & COC:Cyclic olefin Polymer (COP), Cyclic olefin polima; Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) Cyclic olefin copolymer, ndi amorphous mandala polima zakuthupi ndi dongosolo mphete, ndi carbon-carbon iwiri zomangira mu mphete The cyclic hydrocarbons amapangidwa kuchokera cyclic olefin monomers ndi self-polymerization (COP) kapena copolymerization (COC) ) ndi mamolekyu ena (monga ethylene). Makhalidwe a COP ndi COC ali pafupifupi ofanana. Nkhaniyi ndi yatsopano. Pamene idapangidwa koyamba, idaganiziridwa makamaka ngati ntchito zina zokhudzana ndi kuwala. Tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makanema, ma lens owoneka bwino, mawonedwe, mafakitale azachipatala (mabotolo oyikamo). COP inamaliza kupanga mafakitale kuzungulira 1990, ndipo COC idamaliza kupanga mafakitale chisanafike 2000.
• l O-PET:O-PET adagulitsidwa ku Osaka m'ma 2010.

Tikamasanthula zinthu zowoneka bwino, timakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe awo owoneka bwino komanso makina.

Optical pkatundu

• Refractive Index & Dispersion

Refractive index ndi kubalalitsidwa

Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera mu chithunzichi mwachidule kuti zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zapulasitiki zowoneka bwino zimagwera m'magulu awiri: gulu limodzi ndilopamwamba kwambiri la refractive index ndi kubalalitsidwa kwakukulu; gulu lina ndi low refractive index and low dispersion. Poyerekeza mitundu yosankha ya refractive index ndi kubalalitsidwa kwa zida zamagalasi, tiwona kuti mtundu wa refractive index wa zida zapulasitiki ndi wopapatiza, ndipo zida zonse za pulasitiki zowoneka bwino zimakhala ndi index yotsika kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, zosankha zazinthu zapulasitiki ndizocheperako, ndipo pali magiredi 10 mpaka 20 okha amalonda, omwe amalepheretsa kwambiri ufulu wamawonekedwe opangira zinthu.

Refractive index imasiyana ndi kutalika kwa mawonekedwe: Mlozera wa refractive wa zida zamapulasitiki owoneka umakwera ndi kutalika kwa mawonekedwe, refractive index imachepa pang'ono, ndipo chonsecho chimakhala chokhazikika.

Refractive index amasintha ndi kutentha kwa Dn / DT: Kutentha kwa kutentha kwa refractive index of pulasitiki optical ndi 6 kuwirikiza nthawi 50 kuposa galasi, yomwe ndi mtengo woipa, kutanthauza kuti pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka, chiwerengero cha refractive chimachepa. Mwachitsanzo, kwa kutalika kwa 546nm, -20 ° C mpaka 40 ° C, mtengo wa dn / dT wa zinthu zapulasitiki ndi -8 mpaka -15X10 ^ -5 / ° C, pamene mosiyana, mtengo wa galasi. NBK7 ndi 3X10^–6/°C.

• Kutumiza

Kutumiza

Ponena za chithunzichi, mapulasitiki ambiri opangidwa ndi kuwala amakhala ndi transmittance yoposa 90% mu gulu lowala lowoneka; amakhalanso ndi ma transmittance abwino a ma infrared band a 850nm ndi 940nm, omwe amapezeka pamagetsi ogula. Kutumiza kwa zinthu zapulasitiki kudzacheperanso pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi. Chifukwa chachikulu n’chakuti pulasitikiyo imayamwa cheza cha ultraviolet padzuŵa, ndipo tcheni cha mamolekyu chimasweka kuti chiwonongeke ndi kugwirizanitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa thupi ndi mankhwala. Chiwonetsero chodziwika bwino kwambiri cha macroscopic ndi chikasu cha zinthu zapulasitiki.

• Stress Birefringence

Kusintha kwa Lens

Stress birefringence (Birefringence) ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino azinthu. Refractive index of materials ikugwirizana ndi polarization state ndi njira yofalikira ya kuwala kwa zochitika. Zipangizo zimasonyeza zizindikiro zosiyana za refraction kwa mayiko osiyanasiyana polarization. Kwa machitidwe ena, kupatuka kwa index ya refractive ndikochepa kwambiri ndipo sikukhudza kwambiri dongosolo, koma pamakina ena apadera owoneka bwino, kupatuka kumeneku ndikokwanira kupangitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito.

Zida zapulasitiki zokha zilibe mawonekedwe a anisotropic, koma kuumba jekeseni kwa mapulasitiki kumadzetsa kupsinjika. Chifukwa chachikulu ndi kupsinjika komwe kumayambitsidwa panthawi yopangira jakisoni komanso makonzedwe a macromolecules apulasitiki pambuyo pozizira. Kupanikizika nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupi ndi doko la jakisoni, monga momwe tawonetsera pachithunzichi.

Kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kake ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika kwapang'onopang'ono mu ndege yowoneka bwino, yomwe imafunikira kapangidwe koyenera ka kapangidwe ka mandala, jekeseni akamaumba ndi magawo opanga. Mwa zida zingapo, zida za PC ndizosavuta kupsinjika (zokulirapo nthawi 10 kuposa zida za PMMA), ndipo zida za COP, COC, ndi PMMA zimakhala ndi kupsinjika pang'ono.