Zipangizo za pulasitiki ndi zoumba za jakisoni ndiye maziko a mandala okhazikika. Kapangidwe ka makombedza apulasitiki kumaphatikizaponso mandala, mbiya, mandala, spacer, pepala la shading, kukakamiza mphete, etc.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya zida za mandala a mapilogalamu apulasitiki, zonse zomwe zili mu pulasitiki (polecular molymer). Ndiwo ma thermoplastics, plastics yomwe imafewetsa pulasitiki pomwe imawomba, youma ikakhazikika, ndikufewetsa pomwepo. Kusintha kwakuthupi komwe kumapangitsa kusintha kwamitundu pakati pa madzi ndi kumadzi okhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha ndi kuziziritsa. Zipangizo zina zidapangidwa kale ndipo zina ndi zatsopano. Ena ali ndi mapulaneti apadera, ndipo zida zina zimapangidwa mwapadera zida za pulasitiki zopezeka, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'magawo ena.

M'mapangidwe a mawonedwe, titha kuona magulu am'magulu osiyanasiyana, monga El8000, K26R, APL5015, 1 ndi zina zambiri. Onsewa ndi amtundu wa pulasitiki, ndipo mitundu yotsatirayi ndi yofala kwambiri, ndipo tidzawasintha monga momwe amawonekera

Magawo apulasitiki

• L PMMA / ACrylic:Poly (methyl methacrytete), polymethyl methacrylate (kupezerera, acrylic). Chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika mtengo, mphamvu zapamwamba, komanso mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri, pmma ndi choloweza kwambiri m'moyo. Mapulasitiki ambiri owonekera amapangidwa ndi pmma, monga mbale zowoneka bwino, ma spoons owoneka bwino, komanso ma ads aang'ono. Lens etc. pmma yapangidwa kuyambira m'ma 1930s.
• PS:Polystyrene, polystyrene, ndi wopanda mitundu komanso yowoneka bwino, komanso pulasitiki yapamwamba, yomwe idayamba kupanga misa m'ma 1930s. Ambiri mwa mabokosi oyera a foamu ndi mabokosi a nkhomaliro omwe ali ponseponse m'miyoyo yathu ndi opangidwa ndi zinthu za PS.
• PC:Polycarbonate, Polycarbonate, ndi a thermoplaus wa amorphious wamorphious, ndipo ndi chilengedwe chambiri. Zinali zothandiza mu 1960s. Kutsutsa kwa PC kwazinthu za PC ndizabwino kwambiri, ntchito wamba zimaphatikizapo zidebe zophera madzi, zibowo, etgg.
• l Cop & Coc:Cyclic Olefin polimer (Cop), cyclic olefin police; Cyclic Olefin Copyolymer (CoC) Cyclin Olefin Coptolymer, ndi ma polymer owoneka bwino ndi mphete, ndi kaboti-carbon-rommer (Cop) kapena Cop) kapena Cop ) Ndi mamolekyulu ena (monga Ethylene). Makhalidwe a Cop ndi CoC ali ofanana. Izi ndi zatsopano. Pomwe adapangidwa koyamba, makamaka adaganiziridwanso ndi ntchito zofananira. Tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mufilimu, mandala owala, chiwonetsero, mabotolo a mabizinesi. Cop ya kumaliza mafakitale pafupifupi 1990, ndipo CoC idakwaniritsidwa mafakitale 2000 isanachitike.
• L O-Pet:Firdical polyester Orlsical Purberter, o-pet adabisala ku Osaka mu 2010s.

Tikamasanthula zinthu zowoneka bwino, timakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zawo zamatsenga komanso zamakina.

Optical Pmachipululu

• Index yolowera & kubalalika

Index yobweza ndi kubalalika

Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pachidule ichi chomwe zida zamapulasitiki zowoneka bwino zimagwera kawiri: Gulu limodzi limakhala ndi index yayikulu komanso diapper yayikulu; Gulu linalo limakhala ndi index yotsika mtengo komanso kubalalika pang'ono. Kuyerekezera njira zosankha zosinthana ndi zinthu zomwe zikuyenera kukhala ndi zida, tidzapeza kuti njira zingapo zothandizira zida zapulasitiki ndizopapatiza kwambiri, ndipo zida zonse za pulasitiki zimakhala ndi index yotsika mtengo. Nthawi zambiri, zosankha zingapo za pulasitiki ndizocheperako, ndipo pamakhala zochitika zamitundu 10 zokha, zomwe zimakhalapo.

Mndandanda wowongolera umasiyana ndi mafunde: mndandanda wowoneka bwino wa zida zamapulasitiki amawonjezeka ndi mafunde, index renting

Mndandanda wowongolera wosintha ndi kutentha DN / DT: Kutentha kokwanira kwa ma pyace owoneka bwino ndi ma 50 mpaka 50 mpaka 50 mpaka 50 Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa 546nm, -20 ° C mpaka 40 ° / DT / CT NBK7 ndi 3x10 ^ -6 / ° C.

• Kulunjika

Tanthauzo

Pofotokoza za chithunzichi, ma pulasitiki ambiri owoneka amakhala ndi gawo lopitilira 90% mu gulu lowunikira; Amakhalanso ndi maulalo abwino a magulu a 850nm ndi 940nm, omwe ali ponseponse m'mayikidwe ogula. Zida za pulasitiki zimachepa kwambiri ndi nthawi. Cholinga chachikulu ndikuti pulasitiki limayamwa ma rays a ultraviolet padzuwa, ndipo mabowo a maselo amasungunuka kuti achepetse ndi kulumikizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa thupi ndi mankhwala. Kuwonetsera kowonekera kwambiri kwa macroscopic ndi chikasu cha pulasitiki.

• Kupanikizika

Lenslet

Matenda opanikizira (birefrinence) ndi malo aluso a zida. Mndandanda woyenera wa zinthu zikugwirizana ndi polarization boma ndi kufalitsa kuwongolera kwadzidzidzi. Zipangizo zimawonetsa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zakuchotsa polarization osiyanasiyana. Kwa makina ena, kupatuka kumeneku ndi kochepa kwambiri ndipo sikukhudza kwambiri dongosolo, koma pazithunzi zina zapadera, kupatuka kumeneku ndikokwanira kuwonongeka kwambiri dongosolo.

Zida za pulasitiki iwo alibe mawonekedwe a anisotropic, koma jakisoni akuumba mapula apulazi azibweretsa nkhawa. Chifukwa chachikulu ndikupsinjika zomwe zimayambitsidwa mukamaumba jakisoni ndi makonzedwe a pulasitiki macromolecules pambuyo pozizira. Kupsinjika kumayang'aniridwa pafupi ndi doko la jakisoni, monga momwe chithunzi pansipa.

Kapangidwe kakang'ono ka General ndi Conveler ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika mu ndege yogwira ntchito yogwira ntchito, yomwe imafunikira kapangidwe koyenera kwa mandala, jakisoni akuumba nkhungu ndi magawo opanga. Mwa zina mwazinthu zambiri, zida za PC zimakonda kupanikizika zopanikiza (pafupifupi 10 zokulirapo kuposa ma pmma), ndipo Cop, Coc, ndi zida za PMMA zimachepetsa nkhawa.