Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma optics kwathandiza mankhwala amakono ndi sayansi ya moyo kulowa mu gawo lachitukuko chofulumira, monga opaleshoni yochepa kwambiri, laser therapy, matenda, kufufuza kwachilengedwe, kufufuza kwa DNA, ndi zina zotero.

Opaleshoni ndi Pharmacokinetics

Udindo wa optics mu opaleshoni ndi pharmacokinetics umawonekera makamaka m'zinthu ziwiri: kuwala kwa laser ndi mu vivo ndi kujambula.

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito laser ngati gwero lamphamvu

Lingaliro la laser therapy linayambitsidwa mu opaleshoni ya maso mu 1960s. Pamene mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma lasers ndi katundu wawo idazindikirika, chithandizo cha laser chinakulitsidwa mwachangu kupita kumadera ena.

Ma laser kuwala magwero osiyanasiyana (gasi, olimba, etc.) akhoza kutulutsa pulsed lasers (Pulsed Lasers) ndi lasers mosalekeza (Continuous wave), amene ali ndi zotsatira zosiyana pa zimakhala zosiyanasiyana za thupi la munthu. Zowunikira izi makamaka zimaphatikizapo: laser pulsed ruby ​​​​(Pulsed ruby ​​​​laser); laser argon ion laser (CW argon ion laser); mosalekeza carbon dioxide laser (CW CO2); yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. Chifukwa mosalekeza carbon dioxide laser ndi yttrium aluminium garnet laser amakhala ndi magazi coagulation pamene akudula minofu ya anthu, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa opaleshoni wamba.

Kutalika kwa ma lasers omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachipatala nthawi zambiri amakhala oposa 100 nm. Mayamwidwe a lasers a mafunde osiyanasiyana mu minofu yosiyanasiyana ya thupi la munthu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa ntchito zake zamankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, pamene kutalika kwa mafunde a laser ndi aakulu kuposa 1um, madzi ndiye choyezera chachikulu. Ma laser sangangotulutsa zotsatira zotentha mu kuyamwa kwa minofu yamunthu pakudula opaleshoni komanso kuphatikizika, komanso kutulutsa zotsatira zamakina.

Makamaka anthu atazindikira kuti mawotchi osagwirizana ndi ma lasers, monga kutulutsa mafunde a cavitation ndi mafunde amphamvu, ma laser adagwiritsidwa ntchito ku njira zosokoneza zithunzi, monga opaleshoni ya ng'ala ndi opaleshoni yophwanya miyala ya impso. Ma laser amathanso kutulutsa zotsatira zazithunzi kuti aziwongolera mankhwala a khansa okhala ndi oyimira ma photosensitive kuti atulutse zotsatira za mankhwala pamadera ena a minofu, monga chithandizo cha PDT. Laser pamodzi ndi pharmacokinetics amatenga mbali yofunika kwambiri pa nkhani ya mankhwala mwatsatanetsatane.

2. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala ngati chida chowunikira mu vivo ndi kujambula

Kuyambira m'ma 1990, CCD (Charge-CoupledKamera ya chipangizo) idayambitsidwa mu opaleshoni yocheperako (Minimally Invasive Therapy, MIT), ndipo optics anali ndi kusintha kwamachitidwe opangira opaleshoni. Kujambula kwa kuwala mu opaleshoni yochepa komanso yotseguka makamaka kumaphatikizapo endoscopes, micro-imaging systems, ndi maopaleshoni a holographic imaging.

WosinthikaEndoscope, kuphatikizapo gastroenteroscope, duodenoscope, colonoscope, angioscope, etc.

Njira yowunikira ya endoscope

Njira yowunikira ya endoscope imaphatikizapo machitidwe awiri odziyimira pawokha komanso ogwirizana owunikira ndi kujambula.

WokhwimaEndoscope, kuphatikizapo arthroscopy, laparoscopy, thoracoscopy, ventriculoscopy, hysteroscopy, cystoscopy, otolinoscopy, etc.

Ma endoscope olimba nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma angle angapo okhazikika oti musankhe, monga madigiri 30, madigiri 45, madigiri 60, ndi zina zambiri.

Kamera yaying'ono yamthupi ndi chipangizo chojambula chozikidwa pa kachipangizo kakang'ono ka CMOS ndi CCD. Mwachitsanzo, kapisozi endoscope,PillCam. Ikhoza kulowa m'chigayo cha thupi la munthu kuti ifufuze zotupa ndikuwunika zotsatira za mankhwala.

Endoscope ya kapisozi

Opaleshoni ya holographic microscope, chipangizo chojambula chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwona zithunzi za 3D za minofu yabwino pochita opaleshoni yolondola, monga neurosurgery ya craniotomy.

Opaleshoni ya holographic microscope

Chidule:

1. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwa thupi, mphamvu yamakina, mphamvu ya photosensitivity ndi zotsatira zina zamoyo za laser, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati gwero lamphamvu pa opaleshoni yochepetsetsa, mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

2. Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha teknoloji yojambula zithunzi, zida zachipatala zowunikira zapita patsogolo kwambiri potsata ndondomeko yapamwamba ndi miniaturization, kuyika maziko a opaleshoni yochepa komanso yolondola mu vivo. Pakalipano, zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pojambula zamankhwala zikuphatikizapoendoscopes, zithunzi za holographic ndi machitidwe a micro-imaging.