一、Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kagawo kakang'ono ka infuraredi

Njira imodzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma radiation ya infrared (IR) imatengera kutalika kwa mafunde. Mawonekedwe a IR nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magawo otsatirawa:

Near-infrared (NIR):Derali limayambira pafupifupi 700 nanometers (nm) mpaka 1.4 micrometers (μm) mu kutalika kwa mawonekedwe. Ma radiation a NIR nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizirana patali, fiber optic telecommunication chifukwa cha kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa magalasi a SiO2 (silika) sing'anga. Zowonjezera zithunzi zimakhudzidwa ndi gawo ili la sipekitiramu; zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo zida zowonera usiku monga magalasi owonera usiku. Near-infrared spectroscopy ndi ntchito ina yodziwika.

Short-wavelength infrared (SWIR):Imadziwikanso kuti dera la "shortwave infrared" kapena "SWIR", imachokera ku 1.4 μm mpaka 3 μm. Ma radiation a SWIR amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pojambula, kuyang'anira, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma spectroscopy.

Mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR):Dera la MWIR limayambira pafupifupi 3 μm mpaka 8 μm. Mtundu uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri poyerekezera ndi kutentha, kutsata zankhondo, ndi makina ozindikira mpweya.

Long-wavelength infrared (LWIR):Chigawo cha LWIR chimakwirira mafunde kuchokera kuzungulira 8 μm mpaka 15 μm. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazithunzithunzi zotentha, machitidwe owonera usiku, komanso kuyeza kutentha kosalumikizana.

Far-infrared (FIR):Derali limayambira pafupifupi 15 μm mpaka 1 millimeter (mm) mu kutalika kwa mawonekedwe. Ma radiation a MOTO nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zakuthambo, kuzindikira kutali, ndi ntchito zina zamankhwala.

Wavelength osiyanasiyana chithunzi

NIR ndi SWIR pamodzi nthawi zina amatchedwa "reflected infrared", pamene MWIR ndi LWIR nthawi zina amatchedwa "thermal infrared".

二、Mapulogalamu a infrared

Masomphenya a usiku

Infrared (IR) imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazida zowonera usiku, zomwe zimathandizira kuzindikira ndikuwona zinthu zomwe zili m'malo opepuka kapena amdima. Zipangizo zamakono zokulitsa zithunzi zausiku, monga magalasi owonera usiku kapena ma monoculars, zimakulitsa kuwala komwe kulipo, kuphatikiza ma radiation aliwonse a IR omwe alipo. Zipangizozi zimagwiritsa ntchito photocathode kutembenuza ma photon omwe akubwera, kuphatikizapo ma IR photons, kukhala ma elekitironi. Ma electron amafulumizitsidwa ndikukulitsidwa kuti apange chithunzi chowoneka. Zounikira za infrared, zomwe zimatulutsa kuwala kwa IR, nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi zida izi kuti ziwonekere mumdima wathunthu kapena mumdima wocheperako pomwe ma radiation a IR ndi osakwanira.

Low kuwala chilengedwe

Thermography

Ma radiation a infrared angagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa kutentha kwa zinthu patali (ngati mpweya umadziwika). Izi zimatchedwa thermography, kapena pazinthu zotentha kwambiri mu NIR kapena zowoneka zimatchedwa pyrometry. Thermography (thermal imaging) imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazankhondo ndi mafakitale koma ukadaulo ukufika pamsika wapagulu ngati makamera a infrared pamagalimoto chifukwa chakuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zopangira.

Thermal kujambula ntchito

Ma radiation a infrared angagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa kutentha kwa zinthu patali (ngati mpweya umadziwika). Izi zimatchedwa thermography, kapena pazinthu zotentha kwambiri mu NIR kapena zowoneka zimatchedwa pyrometry. Thermography (thermal imaging) imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazankhondo ndi mafakitale koma ukadaulo ukufika pamsika wapagulu ngati makamera a infrared pamagalimoto chifukwa chakuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zopangira.

Makamera a Thermographic amazindikira ma radiation mumtundu wa infrared of electromagnetic spectrum (pafupifupi 9,000-14,000 nanometers kapena 9-14 μm) ndikupanga zithunzi za radiation imeneyo. Popeza kuti ma radiation a infrared amapangidwa ndi zinthu zonse malinga ndi kutentha kwake, malinga ndi lamulo la cheza cha black-body radiation, thermography imatheketsa “kuona” malo okhala ndi kuunika kowonekera kapena popanda kuunika. Kuchuluka kwa ma radiation opangidwa ndi chinthu kumawonjezeka ndi kutentha, choncho thermography imalola munthu kuona kusiyana kwa kutentha.

Kujambula kwa Hyperspectral

Chithunzi cha hyperspectral ndi "chithunzi" chokhala ndi mawonekedwe osalekeza kudzera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana pa pixel iliyonse. Kuyerekeza kwa hyperspectral kukukulirakulira m'gawo lazowoneka bwino makamaka ndi zigawo za NIR, SWIR, MWIR, ndi LWIR. Ntchito zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo kuyeza kwachilengedwe, mineralological, chitetezo, ndi mafakitale.

Chithunzi cha hyperspectral

Thermal infrared hyperspectral imaging itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito kamera ya thermographic, ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kuti pixel iliyonse imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a LWIR. Chifukwa chake, chizindikiritso chamankhwala cha chinthucho chitha kuchitidwa popanda kufunikira kwa gwero lakunja monga Dzuwa kapena Mwezi. Makamera oterowo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyezera malo, kuyang'anira panja komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma UAV.

Kutentha

Ma radiation a infrared (IR) amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero lotenthetsera mwadala pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa ma radiation a IR kusamutsa mwachindunji kutentha kuzinthu kapena pamalo popanda kutentha kwambiri mpweya wozungulira. Ma radiation a infrared (IR) amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero lotenthetsera mwadala pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa ma radiation a IR kusamutsa mwachindunji kutentha kuzinthu kapena pamalo popanda kutentha kwambiri mpweya wozungulira.

Gwero la kutentha

Ma radiation a infrared amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri munjira zosiyanasiyana zotenthetsera mafakitale. Mwachitsanzo, popanga, nyali za IR kapena mapanelo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa zinthu, monga mapulasitiki, zitsulo, kapena zokutira, kuchiritsa, kuyanika, kapena kupanga. Ma radiation a IR amatha kuyendetsedwa bwino ndikuwongolera, kulola kutenthetsa bwino komanso mwachangu m'malo enaake.