Ndi Crystal

"Ge crystal" nthawi zambiri amatanthauza kristalo wopangidwa kuchokera ku element germanium (Ge), yomwe ndi semiconductor material. Germanium imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri popanga ma infrared optics ndi ma photonics chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera.

Nazi zina mwazinthu zazikulu za germanium crystals ndi ntchito zake:

1. Mawindo a infrared ndi ma lens: Germanium imawonekera m'chigawo cha infrared cha electromagnetic spectrum, makamaka pakati pa mafunde apakati ndi mafunde aatali a infrared. Katunduyu amapangitsa kukhala koyenera kupanga mazenera ndi ma lens omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina oyerekeza amafuta, makamera a infrared, ndi zida zina zowoneka bwino zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu infrared wavelengths.
2. Zodziwira: Germanium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati gawo lapansi popanga zowunikira za infrared, monga ma photodiodes ndi ma photoconductors. Zowunikirazi zimatha kusintha ma radiation a infrared kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi, zomwe zimathandizira kuzindikira ndi kuyeza kwa kuwala kwa infrared.
3. Spectroscopy: Magetsi a Germanium amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zida za infrared spectroscopy. Atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma beamsplitters, ma prisms, ndi mazenera kuti azitha kuwongolera ndikuwunika kuwala kwa infrared pakuwunika mankhwala ndi zinthu.
4. Laser Optics: Germanium itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zowunikira mu ma laser ena a infrared, makamaka omwe amagwira ntchito pakati pa infrared range. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sing'anga yopindula kapena ngati chigawo chapakati pamabowo a laser.
5. Space ndi Astronomy: Magetsi a Germanium amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'matelesikopu a infrared ndi malo owonera zakuthambo pophunzira zinthu zakuthambo zomwe zimatulutsa kuwala kwa infrared. Amathandiza ochita kafukufuku kusonkhanitsa mfundo zamtengo wapatali zokhudza chilengedwe zimene sizioneka m’kuwala kooneka.

Magetsi a Germanium amatha kukulitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, monga njira ya Czochralski (CZ) kapena njira ya Float Zone (FZ). Njirazi zimaphatikizapo kusungunula ndi kulimbitsa germanium m'njira yoyendetsedwa kuti apange makhiristo amodzi okhala ndi zinthu zinazake.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ngakhale germanium ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera opangira ma infrared optics, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumachepetsedwa ndi zinthu monga mtengo, kupezeka, komanso kufalikira kwake kocheperako poyerekeza ndi zida zina za infrared monga zinc selenide (ZnSe) kapena zinc sulfide (ZnS) . Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu kumadalira pa ntchito yeniyeni ndi zofunikira za optical system.