Mmepe na itinye ngwa nke optics enyerela ọgwụ ọgbara ọhụrụ na sayensị ndụ aka ịbanye n'ọkwa nke mmepe ngwa ngwa, dị ka ịwa ahụ nke pere mpe, ọgwụgwọ laser, nchọpụta ọrịa, nyocha nke ndụ, nyocha DNA, wdg.

Ịwa ahụ na Pharmacokinetics

Ọrụ nke optics na ịwa ahụ na pharmacokinetics na-egosipụtakarị n'akụkụ abụọ: laser na in vivo illumination and imaging.

1. Ngwa nke laser dị ka ike isi iyi

E webatara echiche nke ọgwụgwọ laser n'ime ịwa ahụ anya na 1960s. Mgbe a ghọtara ụdị laser dị iche iche na ihe onwunwe ha, a na-agbasawanye ọgwụgwọ laser ngwa ngwa na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.

Isi iyi ọkụ laser dị iche iche (gas, siri ike, wdg) nwere ike ịmịpụta laser pulsed (Pulsed Lasers) na lasers na-aga n'ihu (efegharị na-aga n'ihu), nke nwere mmetụta dị iche iche na anụ ahụ dị iche iche nke ahụ mmadụ. Ebe ọkụ ndị a gụnyere: pulsed ruby ​​​​laser (Pulsed ruby ​​​​laser); laser argon ion na-aga n'ihu (CW argon ion laser); laser carbon dioxide na-aga n'ihu (CW CO2); yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser. N'ihi na laser carbon dioxide na-aga n'ihu na yttrium aluminum garnet laser nwere mmetụta coagulation ọbara mgbe ị na-egbutu anụ ahụ mmadụ, a na-ejikarị ha eme ihe na ịwa ahụ.

Ogologo ogologo nke lasers eji na ọgwụgwọ ahụike na-adịkarị karịa 100 nm. A na-eji ntinye nke lasers nke dị iche iche dị iche iche dị iche iche na anụ ahụ dị iche iche nke ahụ mmadụ iji gbasaa ngwa ahụike ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ogologo ikuku nke laser karịrị 1um, mmiri bụ ihe ntinye nke mbụ. Lasers nwere ike ọ bụghị nanị na-emepụta thermal mmetụta na anụ ahụ mmadụ absorption maka ịwa ahụ na coagulation, ma na-emepụta n'ibu mmetụta.

Karịsịa mgbe ndị mmadụ achọpụtala mmetụta arụ ọrụ na-adịghị na ntanetị nke lasers, dị ka ọgbọ nke cavitation egosipụta na ebili mmiri nrụgide, a na-etinye laser na usoro photodisruption, dị ka ịwa ahụ cataract na nkume akụrụ na-etipịa ịwa ahụ. Lasers nwekwara ike mepụta mmetụta photochemical iji duzie ọgwụ cancer na ndị mgbasa ozi fotosensitivity iji hapụ mmetụta ọgwụ na mpaghara anụ ahụ akọwapụtara, dị ka ọgwụgwọ PDT. Laser jikọtara ya na pharmacokinetics na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa na ngalaba nke ọgwụ ziri ezi.

2. Iji ọkụ dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka in vivo illumination na imaging

Kemgbe 1990s, CCD (Charge-CoupledEwebatara igwefoto n'ime ịwa ahụ nke pere mpe (Obere Invasive Therapy, MIT), na ngwa anya nwere mgbanwe qualitative na ngwa ịwa ahụ. Mmetụta onyonyo nke ọkụ n'ime obere mkpasu iwe na ịwa ahụ mepere emepe gụnyere endoscopes, sistemu onyonyo onyonyo, na onyonyo ịwa ahụ holographic.

Na-agbanwe agbanweEndoscope, gụnyere gastroenteroscope, duodenoscope, colonoscope, angioscope, wdg.

Ụzọ anya nke endoscope

Ụzọ anya nke endoscope gụnyere usoro abụọ nọọrọ onwe ha na nhazi nke ọkụ na onyonyo.

Isi ikeEndoscope, gụnyere arthroscopy, laparoscopy, thoracoscopy, ventriculoscopy, hysteroscopy, cystoscopy, otolinoscopy, wdg.

endoscopes siri ike n'ozuzu nwere naanị ọtụtụ akụkụ ụzọ anya kwụ ọtọ ịhọrọ, dị ka ogo 30, ogo 45, ogo 60, wdg.

Igwefoto ahụ pere mpe bụ ngwaọrụ onyonyo dabere na obere CMOS na teknụzụ CCD. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, endoscope capsule.PillCam. Ọ nwere ike ịbanye na usoro nsị nke ahụ mmadụ iji chọpụta ọnya na nyochaa mmetụta ọgwụ.

Capsule endoscope

Mikroskopu holographic nke ịwa ahụ, ngwaọrụ onyonyo eji elele onyonyo 3D nke anụ ahụ dị mma na ịwa ahụ nke ọma, dị ka neurosurgery maka craniotomy.

Mikroskopu holographic ịwa ahụ

chịkọta:

1. N'ihi mmetụta nke thermal, mmetụta n'ibu, mmetụta fotosensitivity na mmetụta ndị ọzọ dị ndụ nke laser, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka isi iyi ike na ịwa ahụ dị ntakịrị, ọgwụgwọ na-adịghị mma na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ ezubere iche.

2. N'ihi mmepe nke nkà na ụzụ imaging, ngwá ọrụ nyocha ahụike na-enwe ọganihu dị ukwuu na ntụziaka nke mkpebi dị elu na miniaturization, na-etinye ntọala maka ịwa ahụ dị ntakịrị na nke ziri ezi na vivo. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ngwaọrụ onyonyo ọgwụ ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe gụnyereendoscopes, onyonyo holographic na sistemụ onyonyo onyonyo.