一、Hoʻohana maʻamau ka māhele māhele o ka infrared

Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi papahana sub-division o ka pāhawewe infrared (IR) ma luna o ka laulā hawewe. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka spectrum IR i nā ʻāpana aʻe:

Kokoke-infrared (NIR):Aia kēia māhele mai kahi o 700 nanometers (nm) a i 1.4 micrometers (μm) i ka nalu nalu. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka radiation NIR i ka ʻike mamao, ke kelepona fiber optic ma muli o nā poho attenuation haʻahaʻa ma ke aniani SiO2 (silica) medium. Hoʻopili nā mea hoʻoikaika kiʻi i kēia wahi o ka spectrum; Eia kekahi laʻana nā mea ʻike maka pō e like me nā maka aniani ʻike pō. ʻO ka spectroscopy kokoke-infrared kekahi mea maʻamau.

ʻO ka infrared lōʻihi hawewe pōkole (SWIR):ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka ʻāpana "shortwave infrared" a i ʻole "SWIR", hoʻonui ia mai kahi o 1.4 μm a i 3 μm. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka radiation SWIR i ke kiʻi, nānā, a me nā noi spectroscopy.

Infrared lōʻihi waena (MWIR):ʻO ka māhele MWIR mai kahi o 3 μm a i 8 μm. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano i ke kiʻi wela, ka ʻimi pūʻali koa, a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻike kinoea.

Infrared lōʻihi-lōʻihi (LWIR):Uhi ka ʻāina LWIR i nā lōʻihi nalu mai kahi o 8 μm a i 15 μm. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia i nā kiʻi wela, nā ʻōnaehana ʻike pō, a me nā ana wela pili ʻole.

ʻO ka ʻulaʻula lōʻihi (FIR):Hoʻonui kēia māhele mai kahi o 15 μm a hiki i 1 millimeter (mm) i ka nalu nalu. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka radiation FIR i ka astronomy, mamao sensing, a me kekahi mau noi olakino.

Kiʻi kiʻi lauwili nalu

Ua kapa ʻia ʻo NIR a me SWIR i kekahi manawa "reflected infrared", akā ʻo MWIR a me LWIR i kapa ʻia ʻo "thermal infrared".

二、Nā noi o ka infrared

ʻIke pō

He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka Infrared (IR) i nā mea ʻike maka pō, e hiki ai ke ʻike a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea i nā wahi mālamalama haʻahaʻa a ʻeleʻele paha. ʻO nā mea hoʻoikaika kiʻi maʻamau i ka pō ʻike maka, e like me nā maka aniani a i ʻole nā ​​​​monoculars, e hoʻonui i ke kukui ambient e loaʻa ana, me nā kukui IR i loaʻa. Hoʻohana kēia mau mea i kahi photocathode e hoʻohuli i nā kiʻi kiʻi e komo mai, me nā kiʻi IR, i nā electrons. Hoʻonui a hoʻonui ʻia nā electrons e hana i kahi kiʻi ʻike ʻia. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā mea hoʻomālamalama infrared, nāna e hoʻokuʻu i ke kukui IR, i loko o kēia mau mea hana e hoʻonui ai i ka ʻike i loko o ka pōʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kahi i lawa ʻole ai ka radiation IR ambient.

Kaiapuni māmā haʻahaʻa

Thermography

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka pāhawewe infrared e hoʻoholo mamao i ka mahana o nā mea (inā ʻike ʻia ka emissivity). Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano thermography, a i ʻole ma ke ʻano o nā mea wela loa i loko o ka NIR a ʻike ʻia paha ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he pyrometry. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Thermography (thermal imaging) i ka pūʻali koa a me nā noi ʻoihana akā hiki ke ʻenehana i ka mākeke lehulehu ma ke ʻano o nā kāmela infrared ma nā kaʻa ma muli o ka hoʻemi nui ʻana o nā kumukūʻai hana.

Nā polokalamu kiʻi wela

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka pāhawewe infrared e hoʻoholo mamao i ka mahana o nā mea (inā ʻike ʻia ka emissivity). Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano thermography, a i ʻole ma ke ʻano o nā mea wela loa i loko o ka NIR a ʻike ʻia paha ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he pyrometry. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Thermography (thermal imaging) i ka pūʻali koa a me nā noi ʻoihana akā hiki ke ʻenehana i ka mākeke lehulehu ma ke ʻano o nā kāmela infrared ma nā kaʻa ma muli o ka hoʻemi nui ʻana o nā kumukūʻai hana.

ʻIke nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi Thermographic i ka pāhawewe i loko o ka laulā infrared o ka spectrum electromagnetic (ma kahi o 9,000–14,000 nanometers a i ʻole 9–14 μm) a hana i nā kiʻi o ia radiation. No ka mea, hoʻopuka ʻia ka radiation infrared e nā mea āpau e pili ana i ko lākou mau wela, e like me ke kānāwai radiation kino ʻeleʻele, hiki i ka thermograph ke "ʻike" i ke kaiapuni o kekahi me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia. Piʻi ka nui o ka radiation i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e kekahi mea me ka mahana, no laila hiki i ka thermographic ke ʻike i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka mahana.

Kiʻi kiʻi hyperspectral

ʻO ke kiʻi hyperspectral he "kiʻi" i loaʻa ka spectrum mau ma o kahi ākea ākea ma kēlā me kēia pika. Loaʻa ka nui o ke kiʻi hyperspectral i ke kahua o ka spectroscopy i noi ʻia me nā wahi kikoʻī NIR, SWIR, MWIR, a me LWIR. ʻO nā noi maʻamau e pili ana i nā ana biological, mineralogical, pale, a me nā ana ʻoihana.

ʻO ke kiʻi hyperspectral

Hiki ke hana like ke kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi wela infrared me ka pahupaʻikiʻi thermographic, me ka ʻokoʻa kumu i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pika kahi kikoʻī LWIR piha. No laila, hiki ke hana ʻia ka ʻike kemika o ka mea me ka ʻole o kahi kumu kukui waho e like me ka Lā a me ka mahina. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia mau kāmela no nā ana geological, nānā waho a me nā noi UAV.

Pumehana

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka radiation infrared (IR) ma ke ʻano he kumu hoʻomehana i manaʻo ʻia i nā noi like ʻole. ʻO ka mea nui kēia ma muli o ka hiki o ka radiation IR ke hoʻololi pololei i ka wela i nā mea a i ʻole nā ​​​​luna me ka ʻole o ka wela nui ʻana i ka ea a puni. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka radiation infrared (IR) ma ke ʻano he kumu hoʻomehana i manaʻo ʻia i nā noi like ʻole. ʻO ka mea nui kēia ma muli o ka hiki o ka radiation IR ke hoʻololi pololei i ka wela i nā mea a i ʻole nā ​​​​luna me ka ʻole o ka wela nui ʻana i ka ea a puni.

ʻO ke kumu hoʻomehana

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka radiation infrared i nā ʻano hana hoʻomehana ʻenehana. No ka laʻana, i ka hana ʻana, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā kukui IR a i ʻole nā ​​​​panī no ka hoʻomehana ʻana i nā mea, e like me nā plastics, metala, a i ʻole nā ​​uhi, no ka ho'ōla ʻana, hoʻomaloʻo, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hana. Hiki ke hoʻomalu pono ʻia a kuhikuhi ʻia ka radiation IR, hiki ke hoʻomehana maikaʻi a wikiwiki hoʻi i nā wahi kikoʻī.