Ge Crystal

ʻO ka "Ge crystal" e pili ana i kahi aniani i hana ʻia mai ka element germanium (Ge), he mea semiconductor. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo Germanium ma ke kahua o ka infrared optics a me nā photonics ma muli o kāna mau waiwai kūikawā.

Eia kekahi mau mea nui o nā kristal germanium a me kā lākou mau noi:

1. ʻO Windows infrared a me nā Lenses: Alohilohi ka Germanium ma ka ʻāpana infrared o ka spectrum electromagnetic, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nalu waena a me ka nalu lōʻihi. He mea kūpono kēia waiwai no ka hana ʻana i nā puka makani a me nā lens i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻōnaehana kiʻi wela, nā kiʻi kiʻi infrared, a me nā mea uila ʻē aʻe e hana ana i nā nalu infrared.
2. Nā mea nānā: Hoʻohana pū ʻia ʻo Germanium ma ke ʻano he substrate no ka hana ʻana i nā mea ʻike infrared, e like me nā photodiodes a me nā photoconductors. Hiki i kēia mau mea ʻike ke hoʻololi i ka pāhawewe infrared i hōʻailona uila, e hiki ai ke ʻike a me ke ana ʻana o ke kukui infrared.
3. ʻIkepili: Hoʻohana ʻia nā kristal Germanium i nā mea kani infrared spectroscopy. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā beamsplitters, prisms, a me nā puka makani e hoʻopunipuni a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā kukui infrared no ka loiloi kemika a me nā mea.
4. Laser Optik: Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka Germanium ma ke ʻano he mea optical i kekahi mau laser infrared, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea e hana ana i ka waena waena-infrared. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea waiwai a i ʻole he ʻāpana i nā lua laser.
5. Space a me Astronomy: Hoʻohana ʻia nā kristal Germanium i nā telescopes infrared a me nā mea nānā i ka lewa no ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea lani e hoʻopuka ana i ka radiation infrared. Kōkua lākou i nā mea noiʻi e hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻike waiwai e pili ana i ke ao holoʻokoʻa i ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka mālamalama ʻike ʻia.

Hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia nā kristal Germanium me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole, e like me ke ʻano Czochralski (CZ) a i ʻole ke ʻano Float Zone (FZ). ʻO kēia mau kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka germanium ma ke ʻano kaohi e hana i nā kristal hoʻokahi me nā waiwai kikoʻī.

He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka germanium i nā waiwai kūʻokoʻa no nā optics infrared, ua kaupalena ʻia kona hoʻohana ʻana e nā kumu e like me ke kumukūʻai, ka loaʻa ʻana, a me kona ʻano haiki liʻiliʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kekahi mau mea infrared e like me ka zinc selenide (ZnSe) a i ʻole zinc sulfide (ZnS) . ʻO ke koho o nā mea e pili ana i ka noi kikoʻī a me nā koi o ka ʻōnaehana optical.