Kayan filastik da gyare-gyaren allura sune tushen ƙananan ruwan tabarau. Tsarin ruwan tabarau na filastik ya haɗa da kayan ruwan tabarau, ganga ruwan tabarau, dutsen ruwan tabarau, spacer, takardar shading, kayan zobe na matsa lamba, da sauransu.

Akwai nau'ikan kayan ruwan tabarau da yawa don ruwan tabarau na filastik, duk waɗanda ainihin filastik ne (high molecular polymer). Su ne thermoplastics, robobi waɗanda suke yin laushi kuma su zama filastik lokacin da aka yi zafi, suna taurare lokacin da aka sanyaya, kuma suna yin laushi lokacin da aka sake zafi. Canjin jiki wanda ke haifar da canji mai jujjuyawa tsakanin ruwa da jahohi masu ƙarfi ta amfani da dumama da sanyaya. An ƙirƙira wasu kayan a baya wasu kuma sababbi ne. Wasu robobi ne na aikace-aikacen gabaɗaya, wasu kayan kuma an ƙera su musamman kayan filastik na gani, waɗanda aka fi amfani da su musamman a wasu filayen gani.

A cikin zane na gani, muna iya ganin matakan kayan aiki na kamfanoni daban-daban, kamar EP8000, K26R, APL5015, OKP-1 da sauransu. Dukkansu suna cikin wani nau'in kayan filastik ne, kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan sun fi yawa, kuma zamu tsara su gwargwadon lokacin bayyanar su:

Ruwan tabarau na filastik

• l PMMA/Acrylic:Poly (methyl methacrylate), polymethyl methacrylate (plexiglass, acrylic). Saboda arha farashinsa, babban watsawa, da ƙarfin injina, PMMA shine mafi yawan maye gurbin gilashin rayuwa. Yawancin robobi na gaskiya ana yin su ne da PMMA, irin su faranti masu haske, cokali na gaskiya, da ƙananan LEDs. ruwan tabarau da sauransu. An samar da PMMA da yawa tun daga 1930s.
• PS:Polystyrene, polystyrene, wani thermoplastic ne mara launi kuma bayyananne, da kuma filastik injiniya, wanda ya fara samar da jama'a a cikin 1930s. Yawancin akwatunan farin kumfa da akwatunan abincin rana waɗanda suka zama ruwan dare a rayuwarmu an yi su ne da kayan PS.
• PC:Polycarbonate, polycarbonate, shi ma wani thermoplastic mara launi ne kuma bayyananne, kuma shi ma robobi ne na gaba ɗaya. An haɓaka masana'antu ne kawai a cikin 1960s. Tasirin juriya na kayan PC yana da kyau sosai, aikace-aikacen gama gari sun haɗa da buckets na ruwa, tabarau, da sauransu.
• l COP & COC:Cyclic olefin Polymer (COP), cyclic olefin polymer; Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) Cyclic olefin copolymer, abu ne mai kama da gaskiya na polymer tare da tsarin zobe, tare da haɗin carbon-carbon biyu a cikin zobe. ) tare da wasu kwayoyin halitta (kamar ethylene). Halayen COP da COC kusan iri ɗaya ne. Wannan kayan sabon abu ne. Lokacin da aka fara ƙirƙira shi, an fi la'akari da shi don wasu aikace-aikacen da ke da alaƙa. Yanzu ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin fina-finai, ruwan tabarau na gani, nuni, masana'antu na likitanci (kwalban marufi). COP ya kammala samar da masana'antu a kusa da 1990, kuma COC ya kammala samar da masana'antu kafin 2000.
• l O-PET:Fiber na gani polyester na gani polyester fiber, O-PET an tallata shi a Osaka a cikin 2010s.

Lokacin nazarin kayan aikin gani, mun fi damuwa da abubuwan gani da injina.

Na gani propert

• Fihirisar Refractive & Watsawa

Indexididdigar refractive da watsawa

Ana iya gani daga wannan taƙaice zane cewa daban-daban na gani roba kayan m fada cikin biyu tazara: daya rukuni ne high refractive index da kuma high watsawa; ɗayan rukunin ƙananan ƙididdiga ne da ƙarancin watsawa. Idan aka kwatanta kewayon zaɓi na index refractive da tarwatsa kayan gilashi, za mu ga cewa zaɓin zaɓi na index na kayan filastik yana da kunkuntar sosai, kuma duk kayan filastik na gani suna da ƙarancin ƙima. Gabaɗaya magana, kewayon zaɓuɓɓuka don kayan filastik sun fi kunkuntar, kuma akwai kusan maki 10 zuwa 20 na kayan kasuwanci, wanda galibi yana iyakance ƴancin ƙirar gani ta fuskar kayan.

Fihirisar refractive ya bambanta da tsayin raƙuman ruwa: Ma'anar refractive na kayan filastik na gani yana ƙaruwa tare da tsayin raƙuman ruwa, fihirisar refractive yana raguwa kaɗan, kuma gabaɗaya yana da ɗan kwanciyar hankali.

Canje-canjen fihirisa mai jujjuyawa tare da zafin jiki Dn/DT: Matsakaicin zafin jiki na fidda firikwensin robobi na gani yana da girma sau 6 zuwa sau 50 fiye da na gilashin, wanda shine mummunan darajar, wanda ke nufin cewa yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru, index refractive yana raguwa. Alal misali, don tsawon 546nm, -20 ° C zuwa 40 ° C, ƙimar dn / dT na kayan filastik shine -8 zuwa -15X10 ^ - 5 / ° C, yayin da aka bambanta, darajar kayan gilashin. NBK7 shine 3X10^-6/°C.

• watsawa

The watsawa

Dangane da wannan hoton, yawancin robobi na gani suna da watsawa fiye da 90% a cikin rukunin haske na bayyane; Hakanan suna da kyakkyawar watsawa ga infrared bands na 850nm da 940nm, waɗanda suka zama ruwan dare a cikin na'urorin lantarki. Har ila yau, watsa kayan filastik zai ragu zuwa wani lokaci tare da lokaci. Babban dalili shi ne, filastik yana ɗaukar hasken ultraviolet a cikin rana, kuma sarkar kwayoyin halitta ta karye don raguwa da haɗin gwiwa, yana haifar da canje-canje a yanayin jiki da sinadarai. Mafi bayyananniyar bayyanar macroscopic shine launin rawaya na kayan filastik.

• Danniya Birefringence

Tunanin Lens

Damuwa birefringence (Birefringence) shine kayan gani na gani. Fihirisar mai da hankali na kayan yana da alaƙa da yanayin polarization da kuma yaɗuwar hasken abin da ya faru. Materials suna nuna fihirisa daban-daban na refraction don jihohin polarization daban-daban. Ga wasu tsare-tsare, wannan ɓacin ɓacin rai yana da ƙanƙanta kuma baya da babban tasiri akan tsarin, amma ga wasu na'urori na gani na musamman, wannan karkacewar ya isa ya haifar da mummunar lalacewar aikin tsarin.

Kayan filastik da kansu ba su da halayen anisotropic, amma gyare-gyaren allura na robobi zai gabatar da damuwa. Babban dalili shine damuwa da aka gabatar yayin gyaran allura da kuma tsarin macromolecules na filastik bayan sanyaya. Matsalolin gabaɗaya an tattara su kusa da tashar allura, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa.

Gabaɗaya ƙira da ƙa'idodin samarwa shine rage girman damuwa a cikin jirgin sama mai tasiri na gani, wanda ke buƙatar ƙira mai ma'ana na tsarin ruwan tabarau, gyare-gyaren allura da sigogin samarwa. Daga cikin abubuwa da yawa, kayan PC sun fi dacewa da damuwa birefringence (kimanin sau 10 mafi girma fiye da kayan PMMA), kuma COP, COC, da PMMA kayan suna da ƙananan damuwa.