Haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen na'urorin gani sun taimaka wa likitancin zamani da ilimin kimiyyar rayuwa su shiga wani mataki na haɓaka cikin sauri, kamar aikin tiyata kaɗan, maganin laser, gano cutar, binciken halittu, binciken DNA, da sauransu.

Surgery da Pharmacokinetics

Matsayin na'urar gani a cikin tiyata da pharmacokinetics galibi ana bayyana su ta fuskoki biyu: Laser da in vivo haskakawa da hoto.

1. Aikace-aikacen Laser azaman tushen makamashi

An gabatar da manufar maganin laser a cikin tiyatar ido a cikin 1960s. Lokacin da aka gane nau'ikan nau'ikan laser daban-daban da kaddarorinsu, an faɗaɗa maganin laser da sauri zuwa wasu filayen.

Daban-daban hasken wuta na Laser (gas, m, da dai sauransu) na iya fitar da Laser pulsed (Pulsed Lasers) da ci gaba da Laser (Ci gaba da igiyar ruwa), wanda ke da tasiri daban-daban akan kyallen jikin mutum daban-daban. Waɗannan hanyoyin hasken sun haɗa da: pulsed ruby ​​​​laser (Pulsed ruby ​​​​laser); ci gaba da argon ion laser (CW argon ion laser); ci gaba da carbon dioxide Laser (CW CO2); yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) Laser. Saboda ci gaba da laser carbon dioxide da yttrium aluminum garnet laser suna da tasirin coagulation na jini lokacin yankan naman ɗan adam, ana amfani da su sosai a aikin tiyata gabaɗaya.

Tsawon lasar da ake amfani da shi wajen jiyya ya fi 100 nm gabaɗaya. Ana amfani da ɗaukar Laser na tsawon tsayi daban-daban a cikin kyallen jikin mutum daban-daban don faɗaɗa aikace-aikacen likita. Misali, lokacin da tsayin igiyoyin Laser ya fi 1um, ruwa shine abin sha na farko. Laser ba kawai zai iya haifar da tasirin thermal ba a cikin shayarwar nama na ɗan adam don yankan tiyata da coagulation, amma kuma yana haifar da tasirin injina.

Musamman bayan da mutane suka gano illolin injinan da ba na layi ba, kamar samar da kumfa na cavitation da raƙuman ruwa, an yi amfani da Laser don dabarun lalata hoto, kamar aikin tiyatar cataract da aikin tiyatar sinadarai na dutsen koda. Lasers kuma na iya samar da tasirin photochemical don jagorantar magungunan ciwon daji tare da masu shiga tsakani don sakin tasirin miyagun ƙwayoyi akan takamaiman wuraren nama, kamar PDT far. Laser hade tare da pharmacokinetics yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a fagen madaidaicin magani.

2. Yin amfani da haske a matsayin kayan aiki don in vivo haskakawa da hoto

Tun daga 1990s, CCD (Charge-CoupledNa'urar) an gabatar da kyamara a cikin ƙaramin tiyata (Ƙananan Magungunan Invasive, MIT), kuma na'urorin gani sun sami canji mai inganci a aikace-aikacen tiyata. Tasirin hoto na haske a cikin ƙaramin ɓarna da buɗe tiyata galibi sun haɗa da endoscopes, tsarin micro-imaging, da hoton holographic tiyata.

MEndoscope, ciki har da gastroenteroscope, duodenoscope, colonoscope, angioscope, da dai sauransu.

Hanyar gani na endoscope

Hanya na gani na endoscope ya ƙunshi tsarin haske da hoto guda biyu masu zaman kansu da haɗin kai.

MEndoscope, ciki har da arthroscopy, laparoscopy, thoracoscopy, ventriculoscopy, hysteroscopy, cystoscopy, otolinoscopy, da dai sauransu.

Ƙarfin endoscopes gabaɗaya kawai suna da kafaffen kusurwoyin gani da yawa don zaɓar daga, kamar digiri 30, digiri 45, digiri 60, da sauransu.

Karamar kyamarar jiki shine na'urar daukar hoto bisa ƙaramin CMOS da dandalin fasahar CCD. Alal misali, endoscope capsule.PillCam. Yana iya shiga cikin tsarin narkewar jikin mutum don bincika raunuka da lura da tasirin kwayoyi.

Capsule endoscope

Microscope holographic tiyata, na'urar hoto da ake amfani da ita don lura da hotunan 3D na kyallen kyallen takarda a daidaitaccen tiyata, kamar neurosurgery don craniotomy.

Na'urar holographic microscope na tiyata

Taƙaice:

1. Saboda tasirin thermal, sakamako na injiniya, tasirin hotuna da sauran tasirin ilimin halitta na Laser, ana amfani da shi sosai azaman tushen makamashi a cikin aikin tiyata kaɗan, ba tare da ɓarna ba da magungunan ƙwayoyi da aka yi niyya.

2. Saboda ci gaban fasahar hoto, kayan aikin hoto na likitancin likita sun sami babban ci gaba a cikin jagorancin babban ƙuduri da ƙaranci, aza harsashi don ƙarancin ɓarna da madaidaicin tiyata a cikin vivo. A halin yanzu, na'urorin daukar hoto da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa daendoscopes, Hotunan holographic da tsarin micro-imaging.