一, Tsarin yanki da aka saba amfani da shi na infrared

Ɗayan da aka saba amfani da shi na tsarin yanki na infrared (IR) radiation yana dogara ne akan kewayon tsayin raƙuman ruwa. Gabaɗaya ana rarraba bakan IR zuwa yankuna masu zuwa:

Kusa da infrared (NIR):Wannan yanki ya tashi daga kusan nanometers 700 (nm) zuwa 1.4 micrometers (μm) a tsawon zango. Ana amfani da hasken NIR sau da yawa a cikin hangen nesa mai nisa, sadarwar fiber optic saboda ƙananan asarar attenuation a tsakiyar gilashin SiO2 (silica). Masu haɓaka hoto suna kula da wannan yanki na bakan; misalan sun haɗa da na'urorin hangen nesa kamar dare. Kusa da infrared spectroscopy wani aikace-aikacen gama gari ne.

Infrared gajeren zango (SWIR):Hakanan an san shi da yankin "gajeren infrared" ko "SWIR", yana girma daga kusan 1.4 μm zuwa 3 μm. Ana amfani da radiation na SWIR a cikin hoto, sa ido, da aikace-aikacen spectroscopy.

Infrared na tsakiya mai tsayi (MWIR):Yankin MWIR ya kai daga kusan 3 μm zuwa 8 μm. Ana amfani da wannan kewayo akai-akai a cikin hoton zafi, niyya na soja, da tsarin gano iskar gas.

Infrared mai tsayi mai tsayi (LWIR):Yankin LWIR yana rufe tsawon zango daga kusan 8 μm zuwa 15 μm. An fi amfani da shi a cikin hoto na thermal, tsarin hangen nesa na dare, da ma'aunin zafin jiki mara lamba.

Far-infrared (FIR):Wannan yanki ya ƙaru daga kusan 15 μm zuwa milimita 1 (mm) a tsayin raƙuman ruwa. Ana amfani da radiation FIR sau da yawa a cikin ilmin taurari, hangen nesa, da wasu aikace-aikacen likita.

Zane mai tsayin tsayi

NIR da SWIR tare wani lokaci ana kiran su "infrared reflected", yayin da MWIR da LWIR wani lokaci ana kiranta "infrared thermal".

Misali, aikace-aikacen infrared

Ganin dare

Infrared (IR) yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kayan aikin hangen nesa na dare, yana ba da damar ganowa da hangen nesa na abubuwa a cikin ƙananan haske ko yanayin duhu. Hoto na al'ada na ƙarfafa hangen nesa na dare, irin su tabarau na hangen dare ko monoculars, suna haɓaka hasken yanayi da ke akwai, gami da duk wani hasken IR da ke akwai. Waɗannan na'urori suna amfani da photocathode don canza hotuna masu shigowa, gami da IR photon, zuwa electrons. Daga nan ana ƙara ƙarfin lantarki da haɓakawa don ƙirƙirar hoto mai gani. Infrared illuminators, waɗanda ke fitar da hasken IR, galibi ana haɗa su cikin waɗannan na'urori don haɓaka gani a cikin cikakken duhu ko ƙarancin haske inda hasken IR na yanayi bai isa ba.

Ƙananan yanayin haske

Thermography

Za a iya amfani da radiation infrared don ƙayyade yawan zafin jiki na abubuwa (idan an san abin da ke fitarwa). Wannan shi ake kira thermography, ko kuma a yanayin abubuwa masu zafi a cikin NIR ko bayyane ana kiransa pyrometry. Ana amfani da Thermography (hoton thermal) galibi a aikace-aikacen soja da masana'antu amma fasahar tana isa kasuwannin jama'a a cikin nau'in kyamarorin infrared akan motoci saboda rage farashin samarwa.

Aikace-aikacen hoto na thermal

Za a iya amfani da radiation infrared don ƙayyade yawan zafin jiki na abubuwa (idan an san abin da ke fitarwa). Wannan shi ake kira thermography, ko kuma a yanayin abubuwa masu zafi a cikin NIR ko bayyane ana kiransa pyrometry. Ana amfani da Thermography (hoton thermal) galibi a aikace-aikacen soja da masana'antu amma fasahar tana isa kasuwannin jama'a a cikin nau'in kyamarorin infrared akan motoci saboda rage farashin samarwa.

Kyamarorin thermographic suna gano radiation a cikin kewayon infrared na bakan electromagnetic (kimanin 9,000-14,000 nanometers ko 9-14 μm) kuma suna samar da hotunan wannan hasken. Tun da hasken infrared yana fitar da dukkan abubuwa bisa yanayin yanayin su, bisa ga ka'idar radiation ta jiki, thermography yana ba da damar "ganin" muhallin mutum tare da ko ba tare da haskakawa ba. Adadin radiation da wani abu ke fitarwa yana ƙaruwa da zafin jiki, don haka thermography yana ba mutum damar ganin bambancin yanayin zafi.

Hoto na hyperspectral

Hoton hyperspectral “hoto” ne mai ɗauke da ci gaba da bakan bakan ta kewayo mai faɗi a kowane pixel. Hoto na hyperspectral yana samun mahimmanci a cikin filin da aka yi amfani da shi musamman tare da yankunan NIR, SWIR, MWIR, da LWIR. Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun sun haɗa da nazarin halittu, ma'adinai, tsaro, da ma'aunin masana'antu.

Hoton hyperspectral

Za'a iya yin hoton infrared mai zafi kamar haka ta amfani da kyamarar thermographic, tare da babban bambanci cewa kowane pixel ya ƙunshi cikakken bakan LWIR. Saboda haka, ana iya yin gwajin sinadarai na abu ba tare da buƙatar wata hanyar haske ta waje kamar Rana ko Wata ba. Irin waɗannan kyamarori galibi ana amfani da su don auna yanayin ƙasa, sa ido a waje da aikace-aikacen UAV.

Dumama

Za a iya amfani da hasken infrared (IR) azaman tushen dumama da gangan a aikace-aikace daban-daban. Wannan shi ne da farko saboda iyawar IR radiation don canja wurin zafi kai tsaye zuwa abubuwa ko saman ba tare da dumama iskar da ke kewaye ba. Za a iya amfani da hasken infrared (IR) azaman tushen dumama da gangan a aikace-aikace daban-daban. Wannan shi ne da farko saboda iyawar IR radiation don canja wurin zafi kai tsaye zuwa abubuwa ko saman ba tare da dumama iskar da ke kewaye ba.

Tushen dumama

Infrared radiation ne yadu amfani a daban-daban masana'antu dumama tafiyar matakai. Misali, a cikin masana'anta, ana amfani da fitilun IR ko fale-falen sau da yawa don dumama kayan, kamar robobi, karafa, ko sutura, don warkarwa, bushewa, ko ƙirƙirar dalilai. Ana iya sarrafa hasken IR daidai da jagora, yana ba da damar ingantaccen dumama da sauri a takamaiman wurare.